2001—2017年我国森林火灾时空分布特征  

Spatio-temporal characteristics of forest fires in China between 2001 and 2017

作　　者：乔泽宇 房磊[2] 张悦楠 杨健[2] 江涛[1] 袁昊 QIAO Zeyu;FANG Lei;ZHANG Yue-nan;YANG Jian;JIANG Tao;YUAN Hao(Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,Shandong,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management,Institute of Applied Ecology,Shenyang 110016,China;Shenyang University,Shenyang 110044,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学,山东青岛266590 [2]中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室(沈阳应用生态研究所),沈阳110016 [3]沈阳大学,沈阳110044

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第1期55-64,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0604403);国家自然科学基金项目(31500387)资助~~

摘　　要：基于遥感的过火面积产品可提供连续、时空特征明确的火斑信息,是研究区域尺度森林火灾分布特征的重要数据来源,但精度仍有待改进。本研究结合250 m全球过火面积产品(CCI_Fire)和30m全球森林变化(GFC)产品,通过数据整合获取改进后的森林火斑产品(CCI_GFC),并运用已有火斑数据对CCI_GFC产品进行精度验证;结合我国宏观生态区划与网格化(0.05°×0.05°)分析,利用改进后产品对2001—2017年间全国林火特征进行分析。结果表明:CCI_GFC产品的火斑识别率(RR)、变异解释量(R^2)、均方根误差(RMSE)、均方绝对百分比误差(MAPE)等精度指标(分别为83%、0.91、0.28、8.5%)均优于原始CCI_Fire产品(分别为74%、0.86、0.36、11.8%)和MCD64A1产品(分别为35%、0.78、0.48、17.3%)。2001—2017年,全国总森林过火面积约为1211万hm^2,年过火面积呈显著下降趋势;低(0<森林过火面积比例BFR≤40%)火烧频率区为主,占总过火区域的79%,中(40%<BFR≤80%)、高(80%<BFR≤120%)火烧频率区各占11%、10%;不同生态区的林火季节性特征差异明显,温带和热带-亚热带生态区的主要林火季节分别为春、秋季(5月、10月)和春、冬季(11月至翌年3月)。The remotely sensed burned area(BA)products can provide continuous and spatiotemporally explicit characteristics of fire patches,which are critical data sources for understanding regional fire regimes.However,their accuracy remains to be improved.In this study,a global BA product(i.e.,CCI_Fire)at 250 m resolution was integrated with global forest change(GFC)product at 30 m to generate a refined BA product,named CCI_GFC product,whose accuracy was evaluated through comparing the BA with pre-existing fire patches data.To reveal the characteristics of forest fire in China between 2001 and 2017,we conducted a grid analysis at 0.05°×0.05°spatial resolution based on the refined BA product and the spatial pattern of eco-regions at the macro scale.The results showed that the accuracy metrics including the recognition rate(RR),variance explained(R^2),root mean squared error(RMSE),mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)of the CCI_GFC product(i.e.,83%,0.91,0.28,and 8.5%respectively)were all superior to the CCI_Fire product(i.e.,74%,0.86,0.36,and 11.8%respectively)and the MCD64 A1 product(i.e.,35%,0.78,0.48,and 17.3%respectively).The total burned area of forest was approximately12.11 million hm^2 for the whole country from 2001 to 2017,while the annual burned area temporally decreased.Forest fires in China were dominated by the low-frequency[0<burned forests rate(BFR)≤40%]burns which occupied 79%of the total burned area.The medium-frequency(40%<B FR≤80%)and high-frequency(80%<BFR≤120%)burns accounted for 11%and 10% of the total burned a re a,respectively.The seasonality of forest fires differed substantially among ecoregions.The primary fire season of the tem perate eco-region was spring(Ma y)and autumn(October).Fire season in the tropical-subtropical eco-region started from the w inter to the next spring which included the months from November to next March.

关 键 词：森林火灾 过火面积产品 遥感 空间分布 趋势分析 季节特征 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学] S771.8[农业科学—林学]