松嫩平原异质生境羊草种群营养繁殖特征  

Vegetative reproduction characteristics of Leymus chinensis in heterogeneous habitats in Songnen Plain,China

作　　者：初丽爽 李海燕[1] 杨允菲[1] CHU Li-shuang;LI Hai-yan;YANG Yun-fei(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology,Institute of Grassland Science,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学草地科学研究所植被生态科学教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第1期83-88,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500602);国家自然科学基金项目(31670427,31672471);吉林省科技厅自然科学基金项目(20170101150JC)资助~~

摘　　要：多年生无性系禾草主要依靠营养繁殖实现种群的持续更新,而各类芽和由芽形成的苗为其种群进行营养繁殖的潜在种群。通过单位面积挖掘取样,利用营养繁殖世代数划分分株、根茎和各类型芽和苗的龄级,对松嫩平原封育草甸、长期割草草甸、封育积沙草甸和林间草地的羊草潜在种群组成和大小进行了比较研究。结果表明:在生长季末期,羊草的潜在种群均由根茎芽和各龄级分蘖节向上生长的芽以及根茎苗和分蘖节苗组成。在4种生境条件下,羊草分株潜在种群由3~4个龄级组成,1~4龄级根茎均可形成潜在种群,其中,根茎潜在种群占整个羊草潜在种群数量比例为68.3%,占绝对优势。1龄分株和根茎产生的潜在种群占总体的60.2%,是潜在种群组成的主要部分,是种群更新的主要来源。分株潜在种群数量以长期割草草甸最高,根茎潜在种群数量以封育积沙草甸最高。营养繁殖力均以年轻龄级分株和根茎最高,根茎的营养繁殖力是分株的10.0倍,在羊草种群营养繁殖过程中始终占据优势。羊草的潜在种群构成在不同生境条件下变异较大,但体现出对生境差异的趋异适应。The perennial clonal grasses rely mainly on vegetative reproduction to achieve continuous regeneration.Buds and juvenile tillers formed by buds are potential populations for vegetative reproduction.We compared the composition and size of potential population of Leymus chinensis in the enclosure meadow,long-term mowing meadow,enclosing sand-covered meadow,and forest-grassland,with excavation sampling by unit area and using vegetative reproduction generations to classify the age of tillers,rhizomes and various types of buds and juvenile tillers.The results showed that at the end of the growing season,potential population of L.chinensis was composed of rhizome buds and buds of tiller growing upwards at different ages,as well as juvenile tillers on the tillers and rhizomes.Across the four habitats,the potential population of tillers of L.chinensis was composed of 3-4 age classes,and the rhizomes’potential population consisted of four age classes,of which the potential population formed by rhizomes accounted for 68.3%of the total potential population.The potential population produced by 1 st age class tillers and rhizomes accounted for 60.2%of the total,which was the main part of the potential population composition and the main source of population renewal.The potential population of tillers was the most abundant in long-term mowing meadow.The potential population of rhizomes was the most abundant in enclosing sand-covered meadow.The vegetative fertility of tillers and rhizomes was the highest in young age.The vegetative fertility of rhizomes was 10.0 times as that of tillers,which dominated the vegetative reproduction of L.chinensis.The potential population composition of L.chinensis varied greatly across different habitats,reflecting the divergent adaptation to habitat variation.

关 键 词：异质生境 羊草 营养繁殖 潜在种群 芽 苗 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]