长期施肥对黄土旱塬农田土壤有机磷组分及小麦产量的影响  

Effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic phosphorus fractions and wheat yield in farmland of Loess Plateau

作　　者：刘津 李春越 邢亚薇 王益[2] 薛英龙 王苁蓉 党廷辉[3] LIU Jin;LI Chun-yue;XING Ya-wei;WANG Yi;XUE Ying-long;WANG Cong-rong;DANG Ting-hui(School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China;Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710061,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安710119 [2]中国科学院地球环法境研究所,西安710061 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第1期157-164,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0800105);国家自然科学基金项目(41501255,41671269);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(GK201603073);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2019JM-518)资助~~

摘　　要：研究长期施肥对黄土旱塬农田土壤有机磷组分及小麦产量的影响,可为提高磷素转化利用率及合理利用肥料提供理论支持。本研究依托长武旱塬农田生态系统长期(1984-2016年)定位试验站,选取不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、单施磷肥(P)、施氮磷肥(NP)、单施有机肥(M)、氮肥配施有机肥(MN)、磷肥配施有机肥(MP)、氮磷肥配施有机肥(MNP)8个处理,研究其对土壤有机磷组分、小麦产量和土壤性质的影响。结果表明:长期施肥后土壤有机磷含量为244.7~429.1 mg·kg^-1,除N处理外,其余各处理有机磷含量比CK均显著增加了15.4%~47.9%。长期施用磷肥改变了黄土旱塬农田表层土壤(0~20 cm)各有机磷组分含量,MP、MNP处理显著提高了活性有机磷及中活性有机磷含量;N、P和NP处理显著降低了中稳性有机磷含量;N、P、NP、MN、MP、MNP处理均显著提高了高稳性有机磷含量。各处理土壤有机磷组分与总有机磷含量比值为:中活性有机磷>高稳性有机磷>活性有机磷>中稳性有机磷。长期施肥后,与CK相比,氮、磷肥配施,尤其是与有机肥配施,显著增加了小麦生物产量和籽粒产量。土壤指标中,有机质、速效磷和无机磷与小麦产量呈显著正相关。MP、M处理可以显著提高黄土旱塬黑垆土中的速效磷、总磷、总无机磷、活性有机磷和中活性有机磷含量,表明有机肥与磷肥配施可以提高该地区更容易被作物吸收的磷组分。总之,氮磷肥配施并配施有机肥可以提高该地区磷供给,对小麦增产有促进作用,对提高黄土旱塬地区土壤质量有重要意义。Understanding the effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic phosphorus fractions and wheat yield in the Loess Plateau can provide theoretical support for improving phosphorus conversion,utilization,and rational use of fertilizer.We examined the effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil organic phosphorus fractions,wheat yield and soil properties of a farmland in the longterm(1984-2016)positioning test station of Changwu loess soil.There were eight treatments,including no fertilizer(CK),single application of nitrogen fertilizer(N),single application of phosphorus fertilizer(P),application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer(NP),single application of organic fertilizer(M),nitrogen combined with organic fertilizer(MN),phosphorus combined with organic fertilizer(MP),nitrogen and phosphorus combined with organic fertilizer(MNP).The results showed that the range of soil organic phosphorus content was 244.7-429.1 mg·kg^-1 after long-term fertilization.Except for the N treatment,organic phosphorus content was significantly increased by 15.4%-47.9%compared to CK.Long-term application of phosphorus fertilizer changed the content of organic phosphorus fractions in the surface soil(0-20 cm).The treatments of MP and MNP significantly increased the contents of labile organic phosphorus and moderately labile organic phosphorus.The treatments of N,P and NP significantly reduced the content of moderately stable organic phosphorus.The treatments of N,P,NP,MN,MP,MNP all significantly increased the highly stable organic phosphorus.The ratio of soil organic phosphorus fractions to total organic phosphorus content was in order of moderately labile organic phosphorus>highly stable organic phosphorus>labile organic phosphorus>moderately stable organic phosphorus.After long-term fertilizer application,the combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers,especially with organic fertilizers,significantly increased wheat biomass yield and grain yield.Among all the examined soil properties,organic matter,Olsen-P and to

关 键 词：长期施肥 黄土旱塬 有机磷组分 小麦产量 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S512.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]