秦皇岛海域褐潮生消过程中营养盐特征  

Characteristics of seawater nutrients during the occurrence of brown tide in the coastal area of Qinhuangdao,China

作　　者：张建乐[1] 王全颖 张永丰[1] 张万磊[1] 李莉[1] ZNANG Jian-le;WANG Quan-ying;ZHANG Yong-feng;ZHANG Wan-lei;LI Li(Qinhuangdao Marine Environmental Monitoring Center of Slate Oceanic Adminis­tration,Qinhuangdao 066002,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局秦皇岛海洋环境监测中心站

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第1期282-292,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305003)资助~~

摘　　要：2009-2015年在秦皇岛海域发生的褐潮给当地海水养殖业和滨海旅游业造成巨大损失,也对海洋生态系统造成破坏性影响。营养盐是藻类生长的重要生源要素,研究其在褐潮生消过程中的变化特征,对于揭示褐潮发生的营养学机制具有重要意义。基于2014年4-6月在秦皇岛褐潮多发海域30个站位的调查数据,对褐潮发生前后营养盐特征及其与抑食金球藻的关系进行了研究。结果表明:4、5、6月溶解态氮(DN)浓度分别为265.65、355.36和323.71μg·L^-1,其中,溶解态有机氮(DON)浓度分别为196.98、242.88和177.69μg·L^-1,在DN中的占比分别为74.2%、68.3%和54.9%;4、5、6月溶解态磷(DP)浓度分别为15.95、11.39和11.14μg·L^-1,4、5月PO4^3--P在DP中占比较大,分别为74.8%和80.9%,6月溶解态有机磷(DOP)占比升至66.2%,PO4^3--P占比降至33.8%;4、5、6月SiO3^2--Si浓度分别为70.95、181.13和120.68μg·L^-1。除DON和5月无机氮(DIN)外,其他营养盐浓度的平面分布均整体呈近岸高、离岸低的趋势,高值区多出现在河口。通过R型-因子分析和营养盐结构分析发现,4月,褐潮处于发展阶段,DOP可能是抑食金球藻生长的主要控制因子;5月,褐潮处于维持阶段,水温成为主要控制因子,水温大于12℃即可发生褐潮;6月,褐潮开始消亡,PO43--P对浮游植物群落结构具有更大的影响力。DON为诱发褐潮爆发的关键水质因子,其阈值浓度为150μg·L^-1,且DON/DIN值应大于1。Brown tide that occurred in Qinhuangdao coastal waters from 2009 to 2015 caused huge losses of local marine aquaculture and coastal tourism,with devastating effects on marine ecosystems.Nutrients are important biogenic elements for algal growth.It is of great significance to examine the fluctuation characteristics of nutrients in the process of brown tide to understand the nutritional mechanism of brown tide.Based on the survey data of 30 stations located in Qinhuangdao coastal area from April to June 2014,we analyzed nutrient characteristics during the occurrence of brown tide and its relationship with the population dynamics of Aureococcus anophagefferens.The results showed that the concentration of dissolved nitrogen(DN)in April,May and June 2014 was 265.65,355.36 and 323.71μg·L^-1 respectively,and the concentration of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)was 196.98,242.88 and 177.69μg·L^-1,accounting for 74.2%,68.3%and 54.9%of DN,respectively.The concentration of dissolved phosphorus(DP)in April,May and June was15.95,11.39 and 11.14μg·L^-1 respectively.In April and May,PO4^3--P accounted for a large proportion of the DP,74.8%and 80.9%respectively.In June,the proportion of PO4^3--P in DP fell to 33.8%,and the proportion of dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP)in DP rose to 66.2%.The concentration of SiO3^2--Si in April,May and June was 70.95,181.13 and 120.68μg·L^-1,respectively.Except for dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)in May and DON,the distribution of other nutrients had clear characteristics that it decreased gradually from inshore to the offshore,with the relatively high concentrations in river mouth.Through R-factor analysis and nutrient structure analysis,it was found that in April,brown tide was at the development stage,and DOP might be the main driving factor for the growth of A.anophagefferens.In May,brown tide was at the maintenance stage,and water temperature became the main controlling factor.When water temperature was higher than 12℃,brown tide could occur.In June,brown tide began to decay,and

关 键 词：抑食金球藻 营养盐 叶绿素A 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]