不同位置滴灌施氮对苹果氮素利用及果实产量和品质的影响  

Effects of different position of drip irrigation fertilization on nitrogen utilization and fruit yield and quality

作　　者：田歌[1] 李慧峰[2] 朱占玲[1] 陈倩[1] 任饴华 葛顺峰[1] 姜远茂[1] TIAN Ge;LI Huifeng;ZHU Zhanling;CHEN Qian;REN Yihua;GE Shunfeng;JIANG Yuanmao(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Taian 271018;Shandong Fruit Research Institute)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,泰安271018 [2]山东省果树研究所

出　　处：《中国果树》2020年第1期22-26,共5页China Fruits

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100);山东省重点研发计划(2017CXGC0211);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2018CXGC0208);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设资金项目(CARS-27);山东省泰山学者工程专项经费

摘　　要：以6年生烟富3/M26/平邑甜茶为试材,研究了树干底部滴灌施氮(T1)和1/2树冠投影处滴灌施氮(T2)对苹果氮素的利用、分配特性及果实产量品质的影响。结果表明,不同位置滴灌施氮,树体的叶片生长状况及氮素吸收、利用和损失特性差异显著。T1处理的树体叶面积、叶绿素及叶片氮含量显著高于T2处理。不同处理树体15N利用率及器官分配率显著不同,T1处理的树体15N利用率为22.11%,是T2处理的1.37倍。T1处理各器官15N分配率表现为生殖器官>贮藏器官>营养器官,而T2处理的15N分配率以生殖器官最低。T1处理的15N总残留率显著高于T2处理,其中T1处理0~60 cm土层的15N残留率为28.82%,是T2处理的1.23倍。不同位置滴灌施氮处理树体的单果重、产量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖及糖酸比存在显著差异,以T1处理较高。因此,树干底部滴灌施氮显著增加了0~60 cm土层的15N残留率,促进了树体生长和氮素利用,提高了果实产量及品质。6-year-old Yanfu3/M26/M.hupehensis Rehd.were used to study the effects of different dropper position(under tree trunk as T1 treatment and 1/2 crown projection as T2 treatment)on nitrogen utilization,distribution,fruit yield and quality.The results showed that the leaf growth,nitrogen absorption,utilization and loss characteristics were significantly different at different dropper position.The leaf area,chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen content of T1 were significantly higher than T2.The 15N utilization rate of T1 was 22.11%,which was 1.37 times that of T2.The 15N distribution rate of organs in T1showed reproductive organs>storage organs>nutrient organs,while the 15N distribution rate in reproductive organs was the lowest in T2.The 15N total residual rate of T1 was significantly higher than that of T2.The 15N residual rate of T1 in 0~60 cm soil layer was 28.82%,which was 1.23 times of T2.There were significant differences in single fruit weight,yield,soluble solids,soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio between T1 and T2,and both were higher in T1.In summary,the dropper set under the trunk can increase the 15N residual rate in 0~60 cm soil layer,promote leaf growth and nitrogen utilization,and then improve fruit yield and quality.

关 键 词：苹果 滴灌位置 15N利用率 15N分配率 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]