北京不同住房来源居民活动—移动模式的社会分异  

Activity-travel-pattern-based Social Segregation Research of Residents of Different Types of Housing:A Case Study in Beijing

作　　者：张雪 柴彦威[2] ZHANG Xue;CHAI Yanwei

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院地理学系,福建福州350007 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院城市与经济地理系,北京100871

出　　处：《城市发展研究》2019年第12期17-27,F0002,共12页Urban Development Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501144,41529101)。

摘　　要：随着城市化深度发展,住房来源混合成为理解当前城市社会分异的新背景。以北京清河街道为案例,从活动密度表面、时间利用特征以及出行特征等不同方面描述了不同住房来源居民的活动—移动模式;之后,基于微观个体活动时空制约数据,构建了居民行为的时空间制约、活动参与、出行需求与出行时间之间的结构方程模型,尝试解释居民活动时空制约、活动参与和移动之间的关系,探讨不同住房来源居民活动—移动模式社会分异形成的微观机理。研究发现,不同住房来源居民的活动—移动模式存在显著的社会分异;生计活动的时空制约是影响不同住房来源居民活动—移动模式社会分异的重要因素;而出行时间对家外维持和休闲活动时间产生显著的负向影响。因此建议城市规划和管理者在促进不同住房混合的同时,着重考虑在居住区周边培育适合不同住房来源居民的就业岗位,并配套建设满足他们日常生活需求的维持性活动和休闲活动的基础设施。In the background of the deep development of urbanization in Chinese cities,the mixture of different sources of housing has become a new context to understand the current social segregation.Taking Qinghe District in Beijing as the case study area,this paper examines the social segregation of the residents of different sources of housing in this area based on the analysis of the residents'activity-travel patterns.Kernel density estimation,time-use pattern analysis and travel characteristics analysis are used in this paper to illustrate the activity-travel patterns of the residents.Then,based on the individual activity diary data,a structural equation model is used in this paper to investigate the relationship between residents'space-time constraints,activity participation and travel behavior.The results show that there are significant social segregation among the residents of different sources of housing based on the analysis of their activity-travel patterns.The space-time constraints of residents‘subsistence activities are significant important factors which influence the social segregation of the residents'activity-travel patterns.In addition,the travel time has a significant negative impact on residents'outdoor maintenance time and leisure time.These results provide supports for future urban planning and management.While promoting the mix of different sources of housing,the city government should also take cultivating suitable job opportunities for residents of different housing sources around the residential area into consideration.This will much reduce the space-time constraints of the residents'subsistence activities.And more infrastructure for residents'maintenance activities and leisure activities are needed,which will much improve their quality of life.

关 键 词：社会分异 活动—移动模式 住房来源 北京 

分 类 号：K901.2[历史地理—人文地理学]