心理护理对心肌梗死患者疾病治疗与转归的影响  

The effects of psychological nursing on the treatment and outcome of patients with myocardial infarction

作　　者：赵阳[1] 孙桂芝[2] ZHAO Yang;SUN Guizhi(Department of Cardiac Surgery,The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang,Harbin 150000,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院心外科,哈尔滨市50000 [2]哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院心外科

出　　处：《河北医药》2020年第4期628-630,634,共4页Hebei Medical Journal

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(编号:12541404)

摘　　要：目的探讨心理护理在心肌梗死(心梗)患者的应用对疾病治疗与转归的影响。方法选择2015年8月到2018年8月诊治的心梗患者143例,根据护理方法的不同分为对照组(n=63)与心理组(n=80)。对照组给予常规护理,心理组在此基础上给予心理护理,2组护理观察时间为1个月,记录与随访调查患者的转归情况。结果护理后2组的焦虑与抑郁评分都低于护理前(P<0.05),心理组评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。护理后2组的疾病不确认感评分低于护理前(P<0.05),心理组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。护理后心理组的躯体化、人际关系敏感、精神病性、强迫、敌对、恐怖、偏执等生活质量评分都显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。随访6个月,心理组的心力衰竭、再发心梗、恶性心律失常、心源性死亡等主要心脏不良事件发生率为7.5%,显著低于对照组的19.0%(P<0.05)。结论心理护理在心梗患者的应用能缓解焦虑与抑郁情绪,降低疾病不确认感,提高患者的生活质量,改善疾病治疗与转归预后。Objective To investigate the effects of psychological nursing on the treatment and outcome of patients with myocardial infarction.Methods A total of 143 patients with myocardial infarction who were treated in our hospital from August 2015 to August 2018 were enrolled in the study,who were divided into control group(n=63)and psychological nursing group(n=80)accorded to different nursing methods.The patients in control group were treated by routine nursing,however,the patients in psychological nursing group,on the basis of control group,were treated by psychological nursing,with a treatment course of 1 month for both groups.The treatment outcome was observed and compared between the two groups.Results The anxiety and depression scores after the nursing in both groups were significantly lower than those before the nursing(P<0.05),which in psychological nursing group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).The disease unrecognized scores after the nursing in both groups were significantly lowe than those before the nursing(P<0.05),which in psychological nursing group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).Moreover the life quality scores including somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,psychosis,coercion,hostility,terror,and paranoia after the nursing in psychological nursing group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).After 6-month follow up,the incidences of major cardiac adverse events including heart failure,recurrent myocardial infarction,malignant arrhythmia and cardiogenic death in psychological nursing group were 7.5%,which was significantly lower than that(19.0%)in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of psychological nursing in patients with myocardial infarction can alleviate anxiety and depression emotions of patients,reduce the disease unsure sence,improve the life quality of patients,and improve the treatment outcome and prognosis.

关 键 词：心理护理 心肌梗死 疾病转归 不确认感 生活质量 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]