纳米矿晶处理含铀废水的效能与机理研究  

Efficiency and mechanism of nano-crystalline mineral treatment of uranium-bearing wastewater

作　　者：于守富 刘永 吴晓燕[1,3,4] 何鹏 张晓文 李密 吕春雪[1] YU Shou-fu;LIU Yong;WU Xiao-yan;HE Peng;ZHANG Xiao-wen;LI Mi;LYU Chun-xue(School of Resource&Environment and Safety Engineering,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,Hunan Province,China;Emergency Safety Technology and Equipment of Nuclear Facilities,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,Hunan Province,China;Hengyang Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Remediation,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,Hunan Province,China;Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment and Disposal,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,Hunan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南衡阳421001 [2]南华大学湖南省铀尾矿库退役治理工程技术研究中心,湖南衡阳421001 [3]南华大学衡阳市土壤污染控制与修复重点实验室,湖南衡阳421001 [4]南华大学放射性三废处理与处置重点实验室,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《化学工程》2020年第1期12-17,共6页Chemical Engineering(China)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(A050507,51574152,51704169);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2017JJ4019,2018JJ3444,2017JJ4232);湖南省教育厅基金(17A180);湖南省科技厅中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(2017CT5006);南华大学双流一建设项目(2017SYL05);南华大学博士启动基金(2016XQD37)

摘　　要：以凹凸棒土、海泡石、硅藻土等为原料制备了颗粒状的纳米矿晶(NMC)吸附剂,研究了NMC在不同pH值、NMC用量、吸附时间和铀离子(U(Ⅵ))初始质量浓度对U(Ⅵ)的去除效能的影响。通过扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪、红外光谱等检测手段解析了NMC吸附U(Ⅵ)的机理。研究结果表明:NMC适用于酸性条件下处理含铀废水。当含铀废水pH值、U(Ⅵ)质量浓度、NMC投加量分别为2.0,20.0 mg/L,30℃,7.0 g/L时,废水中U(Ⅵ)去除效率高达97.4%。NMC吸附U(Ⅵ)的过程以化学吸附为主,准二级吸附动力学模型相关系数R^2=0.991。扫描电镜和X射线能谱分析发现,U(Ⅵ)主要吸附在NMC的表面孔内;红外光谱分析结果表明配位、络合、离子交换也可能是NMC吸附U(Ⅵ)的机理,参与的主要基团有-OH,C=O,C-N,NH^+,C-H和Si-OH。Granular nano-mineral(NMC)adsorbent was prepared by attapulgite,sepiolite and diatomite.Different experimental parameters,such as solution pH,dosing,initial mass concentration and contact time,were examined to investigate their effects on the adsorption of uranium by NMC.The mechanism of U(Ⅵ)adsorption on NMC was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),respectively.The results show that the NMC is suitable for the treatment of uranium-bearing wastewater(UBW)under acidic condition.Especially,when pH value,mass concentration of U(Ⅵ)and dosage of NMC are 2.0,20.0 mg/L,7.0 g/L,respectively,the removal efficiency of U(Ⅵ)is more than 97.4%.The mechanism of adsorption U(Ⅵ)on the NMC is belong to chemical absorption,since the equilibrium data fit well with the pseudo-second-order model(R^2=0.991).SEM and EDS results indicate that U(VI)is mainly adsorbed in the NMC surface pore.FTIR spectra shows that coordination,complexation and ion exchange could be also the adsorption process with-OH,C=O,C-N,NH^+,C-H and Si-OH as the major functional groups involved.

关 键 词：凹凸棒土 海泡石 纳米矿晶 U(Ⅵ) 吸附 

分 类 号：X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程]