称重式与虹吸式雨量计观测雨量精度对比分析  

Analysis of precipitation measuring accuracy between weighing type and siphon type rain gauge

作　　者：张欣 赵洪岩 梁海雁 王亚娟 ZHANG Xin;ZHAO Hongyan;LIANG Haiyan;WANG Yajuan(Beijing Hydrological Station,Beijing 100089;Beitaishang Reservoir Management Office in Huairou District of Beijing,Beijing 101407)

机构地区：[1]北京市水文总站,北京100089 [2]北京市怀柔区北台上水库管理处,怀柔101407

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2020年第3期32-36,共5页China Flood & Drought Management

摘　　要：为满足水文资料即时整编的需要,加快水文监测自动化建设步伐,准确了解自动化雨量计监测的合理性,以北京市降雨资料为研究对象,选取2016—2018年26个站点的雨量数据,分别从年降水量、降水日数、日降水量、典型降水过程4个方面,对称重式雨量计与虹吸式雨量计的观测雨量进行对比分析,分析结果表明,两者的观测序列具有较好的相关性与一致性,去除通信不佳造成称重式雨量计缺测的情况,两者的相关系数均值达0.94,平均绝对误差和均方根误差均值分别为-0.15、2.35,符合《降水量观测规范》(SL 21—2015)要求的站点达88%,因此称重式雨量计可以较好地替代虹吸式雨量计,表明自动化雨量计监测具有一定的可靠性。In order to meet the real-time integration of hydrological data,speed up the construction of hydrological monitoring automation,and accurately understand the rationality of the observation of rainfall results by automated rain gauges,this paper takes the rainfall data of Beijing as the research object,and selects the rainfall data of 26 stations from 2016 to 2018.From the four aspects of annual precipitation,precipitation days,daily precipitation,and typical precipitation,the observed rainfall of the weighing rain gauge and the siphon rain gauge are compared.The results show that the two observation sequences have good correlation and consistency.Remove the shortage of weighing rain gauge caused by poor communication,the correlation coefficient of the two is 0.94,the mean abso⁃lute error and the root mean square error are-0.15 and 2.35 respectively,in line with the“precipitation observa⁃tion specification”(SL 21—2015),therefore the weighing rain gauge can better replace the siphon rain gauge,in⁃dicating that the automatic rain gauge monitoring has certain reliability.

关 键 词：称重式雨量计 虹吸式雨量计 绝对误差 相关系数 

分 类 号：P414.95[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]