故宫院藏缂丝挂屏中染料的快速筛查分析  

Rapid screening of dyes for Kesi hanging panels in the Palace Museum

作　　者：张云 谷岸[1] 陈杨[1] 雷勇[1] ZHANG Yun;GU An;CHEN Yang;LEI Yong(Conservation Department,the Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院文保科技部,北京100009

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2020年第1期70-76,共7页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：缂丝文物珍贵,保存要求高,受环境的影响容易发生脆损和褪色,为染料的鉴定带来极大的挑战。利用超高效液相色谱质谱联用技术结合UNIFI天然产物库对故宫毓庆宫惇本殿“长”字缂丝挂屏中的染料进行分析,不同颜色的丝线经优化后的两步萃取法剥色后,利用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF-MS)分析,并采用天然产物库对结果进行筛查,能够快速鉴定出该缂丝挂屏中的黄色“长”字是由黄檗染色的,红色“绵”字是红花和黄檗共同染色所得,蓝色的托背布和青色的背纸是靛蓝染色而成的。利用该方法对染料进行研究能够大大提高染料分析的效率,及时为修复工作提供科学依据,并为文物的合理展陈和保存提供指导。Kesi(silk tapestry),decorative silk fabric once used by the imperial household and appreciated in ancient China,is a valuable kind of cultural relic.However,silk is prone to embrittlement and discoloration due to environmental influences,which creates a challenge for identification of dyes.In our study,a Kesi hanging panel with a Chinese character of“Chang”hung in Dun Ben Dian of Yu Qing Gong in the Palace Museum,was analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS)assisted with the natural products database of UNIFI.The dyes of different colored fibers of the Kesi object were extracted using an optimized two-step method and analyzed using UPLC-QTOF-MS.By searching the natural products database,we quickly determined that the yellow character of“Chang”was dyed with amur cork tree,that the red character of“Mian”was dyed with both safflower and amur cork tree,and that the blue backing fiber and the cyan backing paper were dyed with indigo.This method facilitates the identification of dyes,and thus provides scientific evidence to guide restoration,exhibition and conservation of relics.

关 键 词：染料 缂丝 筛查 超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]