馆藏清代《牧牛图》轴的微生物病害研究  

Research on microbial diseases of Mu Niu Tu of the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张诺[1] 徐森 ZHANG Nuo;XU Sen(Nanjing Museum,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]南京博物院,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2020年第1期77-83,共7页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：馆藏书画文物易受到微生物的侵害,全面调查馆藏书画文物的微生物病害信息有助于制定相关的保护措施。本研究利用分子生物学方法,对楚州博物馆旧藏《牧牛图》轴上黑色污斑和红色污斑处的微生物进行了分离培养和鉴定,并对微生物的酶活进行了测定。结果表明:书画文物表面污染物中分离得到13个序列,它们主要隶属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、裂褶菌属(Schizophyllum)和根霉属(Rhizopus)。酶活测定结果提示:酯酶、类脂酯酶以及N-乙酰-β-氨基葡糖苷酶等胞外酶与微生物腐蚀相关。本研究结果为微生物对馆藏书画文物的损伤机理提供了相关的数据支撑。Ancient Chinese paintings and calligraphy in museums are vulnerable to contamination or degradation caused by microorganisms.A comprehensive investigation of microbial disease information can contribute to the development of relevant protection measures.In our work,we purified black and red stains from a Chinese painting named Mu Niu Tu collected in Chuzhou Museum and identified bacteria and fungi by 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing.The enzymatic activities of cultivated bacteria and fungi were also measured using biochemical tests.The results show that 13 strains of bacteria and fungi separated from stain samples belong mainly to the genera,Bacillus,Schizophyllum and Rhizopus.The enzymatic activity tests indicate that esterase,lipase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase were most involved in biodeterioration.The results provide relevant data support for the research on the mechanism of microbial damage to Chinese paintings and calligraphy in museums.

关 键 词：书画 微生物病害 鉴定 文物保护 

分 类 号：Q939[生物学—微生物学]