从“四民皆工”到“工人阶级”——“劳工神圣”观念的形成与语义嬗变  

From “All Four Classes Are Workers” to “the Working Class”——Formation and Semantical Transmutation of the Idea “Labor is Sacred”

作　　者：李双[1] 杨联芬[2] Li Shuang;Yang Lianfen

机构地区：[1]中国劳动关系学院文化传播学院,北京100048 [2]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2019年第12期124-131,160,共9页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划项目“中国现代女性主义理论思潮与文献整理研究（1900—1949）”(19YJA751047)

摘　　要："劳工神圣"是五四文化的重要思想命题,其相关研究长期以来主要集中在工人阶级概念的生成及知识分子与工农相结合的进步主义维度,蔡元培"劳工神圣"的独特内涵及其在传播中的意义转换,却被有意无意地遮蔽了。从观念形成的历史着眼,可以考察20世纪初中国知识分子对于社会主义的思考、抉择与实践,以及蔡元培"劳工神圣"的独特思想意义,揭示这一命题如何以传统伦理文化为底蕴,吸纳整合西方理论,形成五四时期极具影响的思潮,从而呈现该命题由无政府社会主义概念嬗变为马克思主义话语的思想史轨迹。As an important ideological proposition of the May Fourth culture, "Labor is Sacred"mainly has been studied under the perspective of progress, and generally interpreted as the discovery of working class and the combination of intellectuals and worker-peasant classes. While the unique connotation of Cai Yuanpei’s original concept and the meaning transformation in the dissemination was concealed intentionally or unintentionally. Focusing on the formation history of the idea, this paper explores the intellectuals’ thinking, choice and practice on socialism, highlighting the unique ideological significance of the concept and revealing how it absorbed and integrated western theories and became the influential ideological trend of the May Fourth period, based on traditional Chinese ethical thought. It also traces the ideological history that how this proposition transformed from an anarchism concept to a Marxist discourse.

关 键 词：“劳工神圣” 蔡元培 社会主义 无政府主义 马克思主义 

分 类 号：D412.6[政治法律—政治学]