一战后日本国家体制转型挫败——以北一辉“国家改造”思想为视角  

The Japanese Failure of National System Transformation After World War Ⅰ——From the Perspective of Ikki Kita’s Thought of “National Reorganization”

作　　者：赵晓靓[1] Zhao Xiaoliang

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学日语学院

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2019年第12期132-142,160,共12页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“一战后日本的‘转向’与对外战略误判研究”（17JJD770010）;教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目“战后日本塑造价值观和历史观的思想资源研究”(18YJA770026)

摘　　要：第一次世界大战之后,由于国际政治格局变化和国内矛盾加深,日本自明治维新后又一次站在了选择发展道路的十字路口。在各种政治势力的博弈中,北一辉提出"国家改造"思想,主张以"总体战体制"准备下一场世界大战,从而实现日本在东亚的霸权。这一思想被民间右翼和军部皇道派势力奉为圭臬,指导了昭和初期"自下而上"的"国家改造"运动,为军部法西斯夺取政权扫清了障碍,将日本引上对内实行极权主义总体战体制、对外侵略扩张直至战败的不归路,在国家体制转型上留下了深刻的历史教训。After the World War Ⅰ, due to changes in the international political landscape and deepening domestic conflicts, Japan had once again stood at the crossroads of choosing a development path since the Meiji Restoration. In the game of various political forces, Ikki Kita put forward the idea of "national reorganization" and advocated that the "total war system" should be used to prepare for the next world war, so as to realize Japan’s hegemony in East Asia. This idea was supported by the rightwing groups and the Imperial Way Faction in the Japanese army, and guided the "bottom-up" "national reorganization" movement in the early Showa era. It cleared the obstacle for the military fascist to seize power, and led Japan to an internal implementation of total war system of dictatorship, and a non-return path of external aggression and expansion until defeat, which left a profound historical lesson on the issue of national system transformation.

关 键 词：北一辉 “国家改造” 总体战体制 转型失败 

分 类 号：D731.3[政治法律—政治学]