不同作用机制杀菌剂对梨树主要病害的协同增效作用及减量施药流程制定  

Synergistic effect of different mechanism of fungicides and formulate the decrement procedure on main diseases of pear trees

作　　者：毕秋艳[1] 赵建江[1] 王文桥[1] 吴杰 路粉[1] 韩秀英[1] Bi Qiuyan;Zhao Jianjiang;Wang Wenqiao;Wu Jie;Lu Fen;Han Xiuying(Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China,Ministry of Agriculture,Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province,Plant Protection Institute,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Baoding 071000,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所河北省农业有害生物综合防治工程技术研究中心农业部华北北部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2019年第6期1343-1356,共14页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200505-6)

摘　　要：为明确不同作用机制杀菌剂对梨褐斑病、黑星病、白粉病等主要病害的协同增效作用,分别采用菌丝生长速率法、离体叶片法与田间有效剂量药效验证法研究杀菌剂协同增效组合对靶标病原菌的毒力、对靶标病害的防效及其田间应用效果,并制定梨树主要病害关键防治时期的减量用药流程。结果显示,针对梨树3种主要病害共筛选到不同作用机制杀菌剂协同增效组合10个(体积比):双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐+氟菌唑(4∶1)、双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐+噻肟菌酯(1∶1)、辛菌胺醋酸盐+噻肟菌酯(1∶5)、苯醚甲环唑+噻肟菌酯(1∶1)、硝苯菌酯+氟硅唑(1∶4)、醚菌酯+氟硅唑(1∶1)、苯菌酮+四氟醚唑(1∶1)、氟吡菌酰胺+嘧菌酯(1∶1)、丙硫菌唑+嘧菌酯(1∶1)、双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐+吩嗪α-2羧酸(1∶6),增效系数分别为2.15、2.87、3.46、3.89、2.36、3.62、3.21、4.39、2.87、2.64;确定杀菌剂与杀虫剂协同增效组合1个:12.5μg/mL丙硫菌唑+12.5μg/mL嘧菌酯+7.2μg/mL阿维菌素,用药1次后10 d防效为96.74%,用药3次后50 d防效为70.31%;确定杀菌剂与助剂协同减量增效组合6个:100μg/mL双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐+25μg/mL氟菌唑+0.1%NF-100、60μg/mL双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐+10μg/mL吩嗪α-2羧酸+0.1%Tmax、40μg/mL醚菌酯+40μg/mL氟硅唑+0.1%NF-100,连续用药3次对梨褐斑病的持效期可达50 d;40μg/mL醚菌酯+40μg/mL氟硅唑+0.025%N280(或0.1%迈道或0.1%Tmax),对梨黑星病和梨白粉病的持效期可达30 d。根据协同增效组合与病害对应关系,可制定以上述协同增效组合为关键技术的梨树主要病害减量用药综合防控体系,防效最高达93.15%。In order to clarify the synergistic effect of different mechanism of fungicides on the main control period of key diseases such as brown spot, black spot and powdery mildew of pear trees, the rate of mycelial growth,on the pear leaves in vitro and the field, the efficacy method were used to examine the virulences of new fungicides against target pathogens, the control effects of target diseases and their application effects in the field. The results showed that ten synergistic combinations(volume ratio) with different mechanism of fungicides were screened for main diseases of pear trees: iminoctadine trialbesilate+triflumizole(4∶1), iminoctadine trialbesilate+cefo-trifloxystrobin(1∶1), xinjunan acetate+cefo-trifloxystrobin(1∶5), diphenoxazole+cefo-trifloxystrobin(1∶1), meptyldinocap+fluosilazole(1∶4), kresoxim-methyl+fluosilazole(1∶1), metrafenone+tetraconazole(1∶1), fluopyram+azoxystrobin(1∶1), prothioconazole+azoxystrobin(1∶1), iminoctadine trialbesilate+phenazine α-2 carboxylic acid(1∶6), the corresponding synergistic ratios were 2.15, 2.87, 3.46, 3.89, 2.36, 3.62, 3.21, 4.39, 2.87, 2.64, respectively. The synergistic combination of fungicide with insecticide was: 12.5 μg/mL prothioconazole+12.5 μg/mL azoxystrobin+7.2 μg/mL avermectin, the control effect was 96.74% after ten days first applied, 70.31% after 50 days third applied. Synergistic effect of six synergistic fungicides with auxiliary:100 μg/mL iminoctadine trialbesilate+25 μg/mL triflumizole+0.1% NF-100, 60 μg/mL iminoctadine trialbesilate+10 μg/mL phenazine α-2 carboxylic acid+0.1% Tmax, 40 μg/mL kresoxim-methyl+40 μg/mL fluosilazole+0.1% NF-100, with a duration of 50 days for pear brown spot continuous three times applied;40 μg/mL kresoxim-methyl+40 μg/mL fluosilazole+0.025% N280(or 0.1% MD or 0.1% Tmax),with a duration of 30 days for scab and powdery mildew. According to the corresponding relationship of the synergistic combination and diseases, the decrement procedure on main diseases of pear trees with the above-m

关 键 词：梨树病害 协同增效 减量用药 杀菌剂 助剂 

分 类 号：S436.612.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]