宁夏某农场一起生活饮用水污染事件调查  

Investigation on an drinking water pollution at a farm of Ningxia

作　　者：吴惠忠[1] 齐爱[1] 周路平[1] 汤旭钢 沈学武 WU Hui-zhong;QI Ai;ZHOU Lu-ping;TANG Xu-gang;SHEN Xue-wu(Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yinchuan,Ningxia 150004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏疾病预防控制中心,宁夏银川750004 [2]贺兰县疾病预防控制中心,宁夏银川750200

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2020年第3期373-376,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

摘　　要：目的查明宁夏某农场一起生活饮用水污染事件波及范围、可能的危险因素,提出有针对性的预防控制措施建议。方法采用现场流行病学和环境卫生学调查与实验室检测相结合的方法,开展调查与水质检测,进行病因推断。结果2018年4月19日-27日共出现92例病例。病例主要临床表现为腹泻67例(占73%)、腹痛/腹胀49例(占53%)、呕吐19例(占24%)、恶心16例(17%)和发热2例(占2%),病程中位数为4 d;环境卫生学调查发现,东片区供水管网受到污水污染;8份水样理化指标均未出现超标;受污染的东片区5份水样微生物指标均出现不同程度超标,而未受污染的西片区3份水样各项指标均未超标。结论本次事件为村民使用了供水管网受生活污水污染后的自来水所导致,致病菌可能为大肠埃希菌。Objective To find out the scope and possible risk factors of a drinking water pollution at a farm of Ningxia,and to offer a proposal on the prevention and control measures.Methods Field epidemiological and environmental hygiene surveys were combined with laboratory tests,so as to conduct surveys and water quality testing,and to make etiological inferences.Results A total of 92 cases were reported from 19 April to 27 April in 2018.The main clinical manifestations included 67 cases of diarrhea(73%),49 cases of abdominal pain/abdominal distension(53%),19 cases of vomiting(24%),16 cases of nausea(17%)and 2 cases of fever(2%).The median course was 4 days.The investigation of environmental hygiene showed that the water supply network in the eastern region had been polluted by domestic sewage.The results of water quality test showed that the physical and chemical indexes of 8 water samples didn’t exceed the standard.The microbial indexes of water samples in the east region that may be polluted all exceeded the standard in different degrees,while those in the west region that may not be polluted all did not exceed the standard.Conclusion It is inferred that this outbreak may be caused by villagers using tap water contaminated with domestic sewage from the water supply pipe network.The pathogenic bacteria may be Escherichia coli.

关 键 词：生活饮用水 污染 大肠埃希菌 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]