聚酰胺/聚酯皮芯复合纤维的研究开发  

The Research and Development of Polyamide/Polyester Sheath-Core Composite Fiber

作　　者：甘宇 姬洪 徐锦龙 张玉梅[1] GAN YU;JI Hong;XU Jin-long;ZHANG Yu-mei(State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Zhejiang Hengyi Petrochemical Co.Ltd.,Xiaoshan 311200,Zhejiang,China.)

机构地区：[1]东华大学材料科学与工程学院,纤维材料改性国家重点实验室,上海201620 [2]浙江恒逸石化有限公司,浙江萧山311200

出　　处：《合成纤维》2020年第2期7-12,18,共7页Synthetic Fiber in China

基　　金：浙江恒逸石化有限公司技术开发项目资助

摘　　要：聚酯纤维具有模量高、价格低廉的优点,但是存在静电和不易着色;而聚酰胺纤维具有较好的染色性、吸湿性等优点,但是模量较低且成本较高。为充分利用聚酰胺和聚酯的优点而克服因两者相容性差导致的成形问题,从原料黏弹性、挤出成形温度、热拉伸等多个方面入手,探讨提高聚酰胺/聚酯皮芯复合纺丝稳定性的技术方案。流变和纺丝试验结果表明:缩小熔体温度差,使聚酯和聚酰胺熔体黏度相近时,可制备结构稳定、性能较好的皮芯复合纤维;在拉伸温度偏向聚酯组分的拉伸温度时,聚酰胺/聚酯皮芯复合纤维的皮层和芯层组分更易做到同步拉伸;所制备的复合纤维平衡回潮率>2%,并且可以采用常规酸性染料染色,避免了常规聚酯纤维高温高压染色且因染色过程中碱减量造成的环境污染。Polyester fiber has the advantages of high modulus and low cost, but has the disadvantage of static electricity and difficult to color. Polyamide fiber has better dyeing and hygroscopicity, but it has lower modulus and higher costs. In order to make full use of the advantages of polyamide and polyester, the viscoelasticity of chips, extrusion temperature and the process hot drawing were discussed to overcome the forming problems caused by poor compatibility. The optimized spinning solutions for the sheath-core spinning were proposed. The results show that the sheath-core composite fiber with stable structure and good performance can be prepared with similar melting temperature difference and viscosity. When the stretching temperature is biased toward the stretching temperature of the polyester component, the skin layer and the core layer component of the polyamide/polyester core-sheath composite fiber are more easily subjected to simultaneous stretching. The prepared composite fiber can be dyed with a conventional acid dye with the equilibrium moisture regain ratio larger than 2%. This avoids the use of high temperature and high pressure to dye conventional polyester fibers and environmental pollution due to alkali reduction during dyeing.

关 键 词：皮芯复合纤维 聚酯 聚酰胺 吸湿 染色 

分 类 号：TQ342.94[化学工程—化纤工业]