“错误出生”的侵权样态与法律规制  

Judicial Practice and Legal Regulation of Tort of “Wrong Birth”

作　　者：王歌雅[1] 张小余[1] WANG Ge-ya;ZHANG Xiao-yu(School of Law,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学法学院

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第2期41-47,共7页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“《民法典·婚姻家庭编》的价值定位与制度建设研究”(18BFX185);黑龙江大学研究生创新科研项目(YJSCX2019-003HLJU)

摘　　要：医疗机构及其医务人员过错医疗行为产生的“错误出生”纠纷在司法实践中已愈加典型,而立法规范的不足导致司法裁判疲软,使得该类案件的结论认定存在诸多差异与矛盾。通过分析“错误出生”侵权之诉的司法实践样态,探讨其侵权构成要件,从违法性、损害后果、因果关系和过错四个维度,归结“错误出生”案件裁判的问题指向。在综合分析不同完善路径现实应用的基础上,建议以司法解释形式有效规制“错误出生”,明定概念内涵及违法行为类型、明断侵犯的权利基础、明辨牵涉的纠纷主体、明晰损害赔偿范围、明彻因果关系链条、明确责任归责原则及免责情形,以补救司法裁决不足、完善司法救济措施,从而整肃裁判乱象,维护当事人合法权益,实现司法统一。The“wrong birth”disputes arising from the malpracticeof medical institutions and their medical personnelhave become more typical in judicial practice,and the lack of legislative norms has resulted in the weakness of judicial rulings,which has led to the conclusion that there are many differences and contradictions in such cases.This article analyzes the judicial practice of the“wrong birth”infringement lawsuit and explores the elements of its infringement.From the four dimensions of illegality,damage consequence,causality and fault,it concludes the problems of the“wrong birth”case judgment.Based on a comprehensive analysis of the practical application of different perfection paths,it is proposed to effectively regulate“wrong birth”in the form of judicial interpretation,clearly define the conceptual connotation and types of illegal acts,clearly base the rights of violations,clearly identify the parties involved in the dispute,clear the scope of damages,clearly clarify the chain of causality,and clarify the principle of responsibility attribution and the situation of exemption.It is aimed to remedy the lack of judicial rulings and improve judicial remedy measures,so as to eliminate chaotic judgments,safeguard the lawful rights and interests of parties,and achieve judicial unification.

关 键 词：“错误出生” 侵权样态 生育选择权 法律规制 

分 类 号：D923.8[政治法律—民商法学]