水文连通对湿地生物的影响  

Effects of hydrological connection on wetland organisms

作　　者：解成杰 谢湉[1] 刘泽正 宁中华 于淑玲[1] 王青[1] 于海玲[2] 崔保山[1] XIE Cheng-jie;XIE Tian;LIU Ze-zheng;NING Zhong-hua;YU Shuling;WANG Qing;YU Hai-ling;CUI Bao-shan(State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Administration,Dongying 257091,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理局,山东东营257091

出　　处：《环境生态学》2020年第1期26-34,共9页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(51639001);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金资助项目(51721093)联合资助

摘　　要：水文连通是以水为媒介的物质、能量和生物体在水文循环要素内或要素间的传输过程,是湿地生态过程的主要非生物驱动因子,决定着生物的存在及模式,对维持湿地生态系统生物多样性功能发挥着重要作用。水文连通的丧失会导致生物多样性的降低。通过综述国内外有关水文连通以及水文连通修复对生物群落多样性的影响,得出水文连通与生物多样性的关系具有尺度效应。在局部尺度上,水文连通的增强提高了原生物种的丰富度以及多样性,但同时也增加了外来物种的定居率,增加了外来物种对功能多样性的贡献。在景观尺度上,水文连通的减弱增加了景观的空间异质性,进而有助于生物多样性的提高。但水文连通对生物的作用机制,以及生物连通对水文连通变化的响应与反调节还有待更深入的研究。Hydrological connection is defined as the amount of water-mediated transfer of matter,energy,and organisms within or between elements of the hydrologic cycle.It is the main non-biological driving factor of wetland ecological process,which determines the existence and mode of organisms and plays an important role in maintaining the biodiversity function of wetland ecosystem.The loss of hydrological connection leads to a decline in biodiversity.This paper reviews the effects of hydrologic connection on biodiversity,and suggest that the relationship between the hydrological connection and biodiversity varied with scales.On the local scale,the higher hydrologic connection generally induce higher richness of native species and biodiversity,but simultaneously increases the settlement rate of alien species and thus increases the contribution of alien species to functional diversity.On the landscape scale,weaken hydrological connection enhance the landscape heterogeneity and thus conducive to higher biodiversity.However,the research about the relationship between the connection and biodiversity is complex and need to further explore.Future research should focus on revealing the mechanism of hydrologic connection to organisms and the response and feedback of organisms to variation of hydrologic connection.

关 键 词：水文连通 生物群落 多样性指数 修复 生物连通 河流系统 

分 类 号：Q178.51[生物学—水生生物学]