橡胶凋落叶覆盖对胶园土壤部分理化性质的影响  

Effects of Leaf Litter Decomposition on Soil Partial Physicochemical Properties in the Rubber Plantation

作　　者：薛欣欣[1] 吴小平[1] 罗微[1] 魏云霞[2] 罗雪华[1] 王文斌[1] 王大鹏[1] 张永发[1] 赵春梅(中国热带农业科学院土壤肥料研究中心 农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室 省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室 XUE Xinxin;WU Xiaoping;LUO Wei;WEI Yunxia;LUO Xuehua;WANG Wenbin;WANG Dapeng;ZHANG Yongfa;ZHAO Chunmei(Soil and Fertilizer Research Center,Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation&Physiology of Tropical Crops,Rubber Research Istitute,Chinese Acedamy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Insitute,Chinese Acedamy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海口571101

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2020年第1期301-306,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201100);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630022019021);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630022017006);海南省重点研究计划项目(ZDYF2018240)

摘　　要：通过田间原位试验,研究橡胶凋落叶覆盖对平地和坡地胶园表层土壤理化性质的影响。试验设置平地凋落叶覆盖、平地凋落叶去除、坡地凋落叶覆盖和坡地凋落叶去除4个处理。结果表明:(1)平地胶园表层土壤含水率大于坡地,凋落叶覆盖较凋落叶去除的坡地土壤含水率显著增加;(2)表层土壤含水率与降雨量呈线性正相关关系,方程斜率表现为坡地大于平地;(3)平地和坡地凋落叶覆盖较其凋落叶去除的土壤pH分别提高了0.09~0.74和-0.09~0.47个单位;(4)与凋落叶去除相比,凋落叶覆盖的有机碳、全氮和碳氮比均有所增加,平地增幅分别为6.9%~68.5%,3.0%~44.8%,3.9%~16.2%,坡地增幅分别为23.3%~95.0%,3.5%~52.5%,7.6%~27.9%,坡地增幅大于平地;(5)与凋落叶去除相比,凋落叶覆盖显著提高平地土壤有效磷含量,增幅为6.2%~48.1%,显著提高平地和坡地速效钾含量,增幅分别为16.4%~83.3%和12.8%~94.8%。综上所述,橡胶凋落叶覆盖可以缓解胶园pH酸化,增加土壤保水能力,改善土壤养分状况。In order to reveal the effects of rubber litter covered on the surface soil physiochemical properties in different slop gradient, a field experiment was conducted. The four experimental treatments included leaf litter covered and litter removed in flat land, leaf litter covered and litter removed in slope land, respectively. The results showed that:(1) The soil water contents in flat land were higher than that in slope land during litter decomposition, moreover, it increased significantly at the treatments of litter covered compared with the treatments of litter removed in the condition of slope land.(2) There was a linear positive correlation between surface soil water content and precipitation, while the equation slop of slope land was larger than the flat land condition.(3) Treatments of litter covered in flat land and slope land increased the pH values by 0.09 ~ 0.74 and-0.09 ~ 0.47 units, respectively.(4) Total organic carbon, total nitrogen and C/N of treatments of litter covered increased significantly by 6.9% ~ 68.5%,3.0% ~ 44.8%,3.9% ~ 16.2% respectively in flat land and 23.3% ~ 95.0%,3.5% ~ 52.5%,7.6% ~ 27.9% respectively in slope land, compared with these of litter removed, while the increase rate in slope land was greater than that in flat land.(5) Compared with the treatments of litter removed, the treatments of litter covered increased significantly soil available phosphorus contents in slope land condition by 6.2% ~ 48.1%, however, increased significantly soil available potassium contents in flat land by 16.4% ~ 83.3% and in slope land by 12.8% ~ 94.8%. In conclusion, rubber leaf litter covered could alleviate soil acidification, increase the water retention capacity and improve the conditions of soil nutrients.

关 键 词：橡胶林生态系统 凋落叶覆盖 土壤理化性质 平地 坡地 

分 类 号：S157.5[农业科学—土壤学]