人工固沙措施对沙丘沉积物特征及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of artificial sand fixation on sediment characteristics and soil nutrients

作　　者：刘铮瑶 董治宝 赵杰 李露露 肖巍强 LIU Zhengyao;DONG Zhibao;ZHAO Jie;LI Lulu;XIAO Weiqiang(School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi′an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院

出　　处：《生态学报》2020年第4期1383-1391,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(GK201704012)(2018TS071);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2018BFH03004);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41871008)

摘　　要：为探明人工铺设尼龙网状固沙措施对风沙危害的影响,以腾格里沙漠东南部人工固定沙丘、两类自然流动沙丘以及防护林的地表沉积物和结皮为研究对象,研究沙丘不同位置、不同深度沉积物的颗粒组成、土壤有机质、有效氮、有效磷、有效钾含量等养分特征。结果表明:(1)人工固定沙丘和自然流动沙丘粒度组成和土壤养分含量都存在显著差异(P<0.5),沙障的防风,固沙和土壤改良作用明显。(2)人工固定沙丘各个地貌位置沉积物粒度频率曲线均出现三峰,反映了沙障对粉尘沉积物的拦截作用,体现了沙障对土壤理化性质的改良过程;分选性随风向逐渐变差,随着粒径变细而好;偏度和峰度明显高于其他。(3)整个研究区沉积物偏碱性,影响着土壤养分含量。人工固定沙丘养分含量最高,有效氮和有机质含量均为最大,有效磷和有效钾含量略低于对比林,其粉沙物质含量与养分含量成正比。(4)人工固定沙丘的沙丘迎、背风坡均有植被分布,并覆有土壤物理结皮,沉积物粒级分配较自然发育的流动沙丘分散,养分含量增加。由此可见,沙障对沙区的土壤环境和生态环境改善具有重要的影响。This paper aims to figure out the influence of paving artificial nylon netted stabilization of sands on the function of the field blown sand hazard.We selected sediments and crusty nutrients characteristics of sand-fixing dune of south Tengger Desert,two kinds of natural flowing sand dune,protective forest as research objects.We studied sediments and crusty nutrients characteristics including components of sand grain,content of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium at different position and depth.The results showed that the grain size characteristics of artificial sand dune and natural sand dune were different at different locations and depths.The function of sand barrier is obvious.There are three peaks in frequency curves of each geomorphologic position of artificial sand fixation dunes.σI becomes worse with the wind direction and better with the particle size becoming finer.Sk1 and Kg are significantly higher than other sand seas.Sediments in throughout the study area were slightly alkaline.The nutrient content of artificial sand-fixing dune was the highest.The content of available nitrogen and organic matter was the largest,while the content of available phosphorus and available potassium was slightly lower than that of artificial forest.The artificial sand barrier develops into dunes with vegetation on both windward and leeward slopes,and is covered with soil crust.Compared with the natural sand dunes,the distribution of grain-size fractions in artificial barrier area were more dispersive with higher content of organic matters.It can be seen that the sand barrier in the desert area has an important impact on the improvement of the regional soil environment and ecological environment.

关 键 词：沙丘 粒度 结皮 养分 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]