产销信息不对称对农户过量施肥行为的影响  

Asymmetry of Production and Marketing Information and Farmers’ Behavior of Fertilizer Overuse

作　　者：康婷[1] 穆月英[1] KANG Ting;MU Yueying(College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第2期111-119,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71773121);现代农业产业技术体系北京市果类蔬菜产业创新团队项目(BAIC01-2018);国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA074)

摘　　要：农产品生产和消费环节信息不对称影响农户施肥行为和收入。将蔬菜价格作为信息不对称的代理变量,利用处理效应模型分析蔬菜价格、肥料价格与农户施肥行为和农户收入间的内生性问题;并进一步通过倾向性得分匹配(PSM)探寻过量施肥对农户收入的影响路径。研究结论:(1)信息不对称是造成农户过量施肥的主要原因,不具有“质量”溢价的农产品价格上升会导致过量施肥;(2)从质量安全角度看,过量施肥会导致农户收入下降,即利润最大化的农户个人目标和保障农产品质量安全的目标存在一致性;(3)过量施肥主要通过影响农产品质量而对农户收入造成负向影响。提出相应的对策建议:(1)提高农户对过量施肥危害的认知并帮助农户树立合理的施肥理念;(2)促进农户种植技术水平的提升,进一步推广测土配方施肥技术;(3)充分发挥专业合作社等生产组织的规模效应,降低有机肥使用成本,并进行肥料投入过程监管;(4)进一步完善农产品市场准入制度,破解信息不对称问题。The asymmetry of production and marketing information affects famers’behavior of fertilizer use and their income.This study firstly constructed a theoretical framework and analyzed the mechanism of how information asymmetry works on fertilizer use and how fertilizer overuse affects income.In order to eliminate bias caused by endogenous problem among information asymmetry,fertilizer overuse and farmers’income,Treatment Effect Model was employed to estimate the accurate ATT.Furthermore,using PSM,the paper decomposed the impact path of fertilizer use.The results indicate that:(1)Information asymmetry is the main reason inducing fertilizer overuse,and the increase of the price of certain farm products may also result in fertilizer overuse;(2)Viewed from the perspective of farm products safety,fertilizer overuse has negative influence on farmers’income,which means that farmers’profit-maximizing object is in common with the public goal of ensuring safety of farm products;(3)Fertilizer overuse has negative impact on farmers’income mainly by affecting the quality of farm products.Then some countermeasures are proposed,such as(1)helping farmers to know the harmfulness of fertilizer overuse and establish a reasonable fertilization concept,(2)promoting farmers’planting technique by popularizing soil testing and formula fertilization technology,(3)giving full play to the scale effect of professional cooperatives and other production organizations and conducting supervision over fertilization process,and(4)further improving the market access system for agricultural products solving the problem of information asymmetry.

关 键 词：过量施肥 农户收入 信息不对称 处理效应模型 倾向性得分匹配 

分 类 号：F325.2[经济管理—产业经济]