减施化肥对京津地区苹果生长发育的影响  

Effects of reducing chemical fertilizer use on apple tree growth and development in Beijing and Tianjin orchards

作　　者：王贺 邓明江 王旋 赵志奇 王忆[1] 许雪峰 韩振海[1] WANG He;DENG Mingjiang;WANG Xuan;ZHAO Zhiqi;WANG Yi;XU Xuefeng;HAN Zhenhai(College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University,100193 Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学园艺学院

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第2期196-203,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0201127）;林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心项目（CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000099）

摘　　要：【目的】探究化肥减施、化肥减施配合生物活性素施用对京津苹果园土壤及果树生长发育的效应。【方法】以京津地区4个不同树龄的正常管理‘富士’果园为试验点,试验设置3个处理:化肥减施30%、化肥减施30%配施生物活性素、对照。【结果】处理后,发现化肥减施30%有降低土壤pH的作用,对土壤养分、树体生长、单株产量和果实品质无显著影响;化肥减施30%配合施用生物活性素显著提高了花芽数量,增加了两个试验点(BJ-2、TJ-1)的花序数量。化肥减施以及生物活性素的施用将是一个长效过程,还需进一步试验加以验证。【结论】京津苹果园可减施化肥30%,在本地区减施化肥并施用生物活性素,可在一定程度促进树体生殖生长,降低土壤pH,不影响果实成熟和品质。【Objective】Chinese apple production is largest in the world and also apple industry has made great contributions to Chinese growers, while it is also faced with a series of problems such as excessive use of chemical fertilizers in orchards. In this research in Beijing and Tianjin region, experiments with treatments by either reducing chemical fertilizers or reducing chemical fertilizers with the laboratory-made bioactive agents were conducted to probe into their effects on soil nutrition, fruit tree growth and fruit quality. It is hoped to provide a theoretical basis for the reduction of chemical fertilizers application, so as to achieve the goal of increasing yield and quality of apple trees and applying chemical fertilizer reasonably and therefor to promote the healthy and sustainable development of apple industry.【Methods】This test is arranged in two pilot projects in Beijing and Tianjin region. Before the test, the basic situation of each pilot project is investigated. And then in the spring of 2018 four normally managed‘Fuji’orchards(5 years old, 15 years old in Beijing orchard and 6 years old, 8 years old in Tianjin orchard) were selected for field trials. Tthree treatments were set for each trial: 30% reduction of chemical fertilizers, 30% reduction of chemical fertilizers combined with applying bioactive agents,and the control(normal application of chemical fertilizers and no bioactive agents). Then the tree growth was investigated, and the nutrition indexes of the soil, the fruit quality were determined. The indexes of the apple tree growth included the growth length of new shoots, the chlorophyll content, the branch types proportion, the number of flower buds and the inflorescences number of branches. The nutrition indexes of the soil included the pH, the total nitrogen content and the available nutrients content.The indexes of of the fruit yield and quality included the yield of per plant, the fruit hardness, the soluble solid contents of the fruits. The effect of bioactive agents and the f

关 键 词：苹果 化肥减施 土壤 生长发育 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]