不同花期喷施植物生长调节剂对石榴坐果及果实品质的影响  

Effects of foliar application of plant growth regulators at different flowering stages on fruit setting and quality in pomegranate

作　　者：陈利娜[1] 牛娟[1] 刘贝贝[1] 敬丹 骆翔 李好先[1] 夏小丛 杨选文 张富红[1] 曹达 王企 曹尚银[1] CHEN Lina;NIU Juan;LIU Beibei;JING Dan;LUO Xiang;LI Haoxian;XIA Xiaocong;YANG Xuanwen;ZHANG Fuhong;CAO Da;WANG Qi;CAO Shangyin(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第2期244-253,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程（CAAS-ASTIP-2019-ZFRI）;中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项（1610192019103）

摘　　要：【目的】结合石榴头花、二花开花特性,探索高效提高石榴坐果率及果实品质的方法,为生产中提高石榴坐果率及果实品质提供依据。【方法】2017-2018年连续2 a(年),以‘突尼斯软籽’石榴为试验对象,采用完全随机区组试验设计,不同时期喷施不同浓度GA3、NAA、CPPU、2,4-D,花柄涂抹不同浓度GA3+2,4-D。调查坐果率,并测定其对果实品质的影响。【结果】2017年结果表明:头花始花期至盛花期(5月5日)单次喷施GA330.0 mg·L^-1较对照坐果率提高48.3%,显著提高了石榴坐果率(p <0.01);GA310.0 mg·L^-1和20.0 mg·L^-1在二花盛花期(5月18日)单次喷施较对照分别提高坐果率20.8%、31.5%,显著性提高石榴坐果率(p <0.05),但会导致大量功能性雄花不脱落;不同时期叶面喷施不同浓度NAA、CPPU均不能显著性提高石榴坐果率;叶面喷施2,4-D导致果实畸形,果皮极厚。2018年试验结果表明头花始花期至盛花期(5月5日)单次喷施GA330.0 mg·L^-1显著性提高石榴坐果率(p <0.05),与2017年试验结果一致,且不影响石榴果实品质;涂抹GA3(10.0 mg·L^-1、20.0 mg·L^-1、30.0 mg·L^-1)+2,4-D(10.0 mg·L^-1)于石榴花柄可显著性提高石榴坐果率,但可导致石榴籽粒硬度较对照增加。【结论】头花始花期至盛花期(5月5日)叶面喷施GA3(30.0mg·L^-1)可有效提高石榴坐果率,且不影响石榴品质;二花盛花期不适合通过叶面喷施激素类物质提高坐果率;花柄涂抹GA3(10.0 mg·L^-1、20.0 mg·L^-1、30.0 mg·L^-1)+2,4-D(10.0 mg·L^-1)能显著性提高石榴坐果率,但会导致石榴籽粒硬度增加。【Objective】Low fruit setting is one of the major barrier restricting the production of pomegranate. High ratio of functional male flowers and physiological dropping are two essential biological reasons for low fruit setting in pomegranate. In previous studies, we have found the effective approaches to increasing the ratio of bisexual flowers, but the effective ways to prevent fruits from physiological dropping keep unsolved. Most of the studies on fruit setting rate focus on improving the fruit setting of flowers blooming at the second stage, and there are no effective approaches to improving the fruit setting according to the difference in flowering characteristics of the first and second blooming stages. The objective of this study was to figure out more effective ways to increase the fruit setting of pomegranate by spraying plant growth regulators at different flowering stages.【Methods】The experiments were performed during 2017-2018.‘Tunisiruanzi’, one of the most popular varieties in China with serious fruit dropping problem, was selected as the sample materials. In 2017, completely random block treatment was designed with GA3(10.0, 20.0, 30.0 mg·L^-1), NAA(10.0, 30.0, 40.0 mg·L^-1), CPPU(5.0,10.0, 15.0 mg·L^-1), and 2,4-D(10.0, 30.0, 40.0 mg·L^-1) to test the effects of different concentrations of GA3, NAA, CPPU and 2,4-D on fruit setting rate during the first blooming stage(May 5) and the second blooming stage(May 18). Every kind of plant growth regulators was sprayed with four kinds of ways: spraying once on May 5, spraying twice on both May 5 and May 18, spraying once on May 18,spraying twice on both May 18 and June 6. In 2018, complete randomized block design was also adopted to verify and optimize the effective methods that were used in 2017. Treatments with GA3(10.0,20.0, 30.0 mg·L^-1) +2,4-D(10.0 mg·L^-1) were applied to bisexual flower stalks, respectively. Fruit setting rate was counted. Fruit weight, L/D index, fruit surface finish, pericarp thickness, hundred-grain weight of seed

关 键 词：石榴 叶面喷施 植物生长调节剂 坐果率 果实品质 

分 类 号：S665.4[农业科学—果树学]