基于表型性状构建中国花生地方品种骨干种质  

Developing the key germplasm of Chinese peanut landraces based on phenotypic traits

作　　者：闫彩霞[1] 王娟[1] 张浩[1] 李春娟[1] 宋秀霞 孙全喜[1] 苑翠玲 赵小波[1] 单世华[1] YAN Cai-Xia;WANG Juan;ZHANG Hao;LI Chun-Juan;SONG Xiu-Xia;SUN Quan-Xi;YUAN Cui-Ling;ZHAO Xiao-Bo;SHAN Shi-Hua(Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Mudan District,Heze 274000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]菏泽市牡丹区农业农村局,山东菏泽274000

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第4期520-531,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：泰山学者特聘专家项目(ts201712080);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金,农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队培养(13190194);青岛市民生科技计划项目(17-3-3-49-nsh);山东省农业良种工程项目(2017LZN033,2017LZGC003);山东省农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-04-02);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2016A01)资助~~

摘　　要：中国花生地方品种遗传多样性丰富,是花生新品种选育的重要亲本来源。本研究以种质库保存的2741份地方种质为材料,基于种植区划和植物学类型分组,平方根法确定取样量,组内按13个表型数据进行UPGMA聚类分析,类内随机取样,构建骨干种质。利用t检验、F测验、卡方测验、极差、表型保留比例、表型相关性等对骨干种质代表性进行检验和评价;并利用主成分分析和直方图对骨干种质进行确认。结果表明,构建了包含259份种质的中国花生地方品种骨干种质,占全部种质的9.4%,包括多粒型14份、珍珠豆型85份、龙生型42份、普通型103份、中间型15份。在P <0.05概率条件下,骨干种质13个性状的均值、方差、变异系数、香农指数与全部种质无显著差异,且保留了全部种质的分布范围、表型保留比例和表型相关性;二者的植物学类型组成和生态分布是一致的,具有相似的遗传结构和分布频率。建立的骨干种质很好地代表了全部种质的遗传变异和群体结构,可为花生种质创新和优异等位基因发掘奠定良好的基础。Chinese peanut landraces are important parent resources in peanut breeding due to their abundant genetic diversity. In this study, a total of 2741 original accessions from peanut seed bank were divided into 26 groups based on their botanical variety and ecological distribution. The key accessions were established based on the analysis of 13 phenotypic traits by the square root strategy, UPGMA clustering within groups and random sampling in individual clusters, and evaluated by t-test, F-test,Chi-squared test, ranging, the ratio of phenotypic retention, and phenotypic correlation analyses. Finally, the principal components analysis(PCA) and the histogram analysis were used to re-confirm the key germplasm. The total of 259 as a key germplasm was selected, accounting for 9.4% of total accessions, which included 14 of var. fastigiata, 85 of var. vulgaris, 42 of var. hirsuta, 103 of var. hypogaea and 15 of irregular type. There were no significant differences(P < 0.05) in means, variance, coefficient of variation, and Shannon-weaver diversity index for 13 phenotypic traits between key germplasm and entire collection. The key germplasm preserved the distribution range, the ratio of phenotypic retention and the phenotypic correlation of primary collection,with similar composition of botanical variety and ecological distribution. PCA and the histogram confirmed the homogeneity of genetic structure and distribution frequency between two collections. Thus, this key germplasm can represent the genetic variability and population structure of entire collection, and enhance innovation of peanut genetic resources and exploitation of elite alleles.

关 键 词：花生 地方品种 表型性状 骨干种质 代表性评价 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]