温度和物料配比对城市园林绿化废物与鸡粪水浴法好氧堆肥的影响  

Effects of Temperature and Substrate Composition on Aerobic Composting of Urban Landscape Waste and Chicken Manure Using Water Bath Method

作　　者：杨海君[1,2] 许云海 肖为[2] 刘亚宾 金红玉[1] 兰时乐 谭菊[4] Yang Haijun;Xu Yunhai;Xiao Wei;Liu Yabin;Jin Hongyu;Lan Shile;Tan Ju(College of Plant Protection,Hu’nan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hu’nan 410128,China;Hu’nan Jinjia Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hu’nan 410007,China;College of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Hu’nan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hu’nan 410128,China;Changsha Environmental Monitoring Center Station,Changsha,Hu’nan 410001,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南锦佳环保科技有限公司,湖南长沙410007 [3]湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院,湖南长沙410128 [4]长沙市环境监测中心站,湖南长沙410001

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2019年第6期35-43,51,共10页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目“加拿大一枝黄花入侵机制及其防控研究”(2018JJ5015);长沙市雨花区科学技术局(雨财发[2018]50号)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究温度和物料配比对城市园林绿化废物与鸡粪水浴法好氧堆肥的影响,为大规模好氧堆肥提供技术指导与理论基础。[方法]以恒温水浴锅、空气泵、气体转子流量计、温度计、发酵瓶与洗气瓶为材料,构建水浴法温控好氧堆肥装置,开展城市园林绿化废物与鸡粪质量比分别为2∶3,2∶1,3∶1,5∶1(分别命名A,B,C,D组)水浴法堆肥试验。[结果]城市园林绿化废物与鸡粪发酵堆肥微生物代谢活性最佳温度在50~55℃之间,当温度≥55℃,微生物对有机物的降解受到明显抑制。从温度变化看,A-D组堆肥均经历了升温期、高温期、降温期和中温期。A-D组堆肥氮素损失率分别为47.11%±0.55%,63.82%±1.05%,53.43%±0.71%和36.38%±0.83%,D组堆肥的保氮量最高。从种子发芽率与发芽指数看,A-D组堆肥产物发芽率分别为96.7%±2.11%,96.7%±2.25%,84.4%±1.98%和96.7%±2.06%,堆肥产物均达到腐熟度评价标准(≥80%)。[结论]城市园林绿化废物与鸡粪水浴法好氧堆肥最佳温度为50~55℃,D组堆肥的保氮量最高,4组堆肥产物均达到腐熟度评价标准。[Objective]The effects of temperature and material ratio on urban landscaping waste and chicken manure water bath aerobic composting were studied in order to provide technical guidance and theoretical basis for large-scale aerobic composting.[Methods]A water bath temperature-controlled aerobic composting device was constructed with water bath incubator,air pump,gas rotameter,thermometer,fermentation bottle and a gas bottle.Water bath composting with different ratios of urban gardening waste to chicken manure of 2∶3,2∶1,3∶1,and 5∶1(named A,B,C,and D,respectively)was set.[Results]The optimal temperature range of microbial metabolic activity was 50~55°C.The degradation of organic matter by microbes was significantly inhibited at temperature≥55°C.All four treatments experienced the heating phase,high temperature phase,cooling and medium temperature phases.The nitrogen loss rate in treatments A-D was 47.11%±0.55%,63.82%±1.05%,and 53.43%±0.71%,and 36.38%±0.83%,respectively.Obviously,the highest nitrogen retention was achieved in treatment D.The seed germination rate and germination index were also evaluated.The germination rate of composting products in treatments A-D was 96.7%±2.11%,96.7%±2.25%,84.4%±1.98%and 96.7%±2.06%,respectively,and all of which reached the criteria of maturity(≥80%).[Conclusion]The optimum temperature of urban landscaping waste and aerobic compost with chicken manure water bath was 50~55℃,and the nitrogen retention was the highest in group D.The compost products of the four groups all reached the evaluation standard of maturity.

关 键 词：园林绿化废物 鸡粪 水浴法 温控堆肥装置 理化成分 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] X713[农业科学—农业基础科学]