藻类与微生物添加对高陡边坡生物结皮人工恢复的影响  

Effects of Algae and Microorganism Addition on Restoration of Biocrusts on Steep Slope

作　　者：鞠孟辰 卜崇峰[1,2] 王清玄 白雪强 李亚红 郭琦 韦应欣 Ju Mengchen;Bu Chongfeng;Wang Qingxuan;Bai Xueqiang;Li Yahong;Guo Qi;Wei Yingxin(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2019年第6期124-128,135,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504703;2016YFE0203400);杨凌示范区产学研用协同创新重大项目(2017CXY-08);中央高校优秀青年科研业务专项基金(2014YQ006)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究微生物与藻类对生物结皮野外恢复的影响,优化黄土高陡边坡生物结皮防护技术,为区域生态修复提供新的思路和方法。[方法]利用完全试验,研究藻类(小球藻+硅藻复合藻液)、功能性微生物(胶质芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌)两因素对人工恢复生物结皮发育状况的影响。[结果]①不同处理间发育差异明显,藻+巨大芽孢杆菌处理的生物结皮盖度中位数最大,均值为61.41%;,仅胶质芽孢杆菌处理的生物结皮厚度中位数最大,均值为2.58 mm;仅添加3 g藻处理的苔藓株高度中位数最大,均值为2.67 mm;②藻处理能够在不同添加水平下(1和3 g/m^2)显著解释(p<0.05)样方间生物结皮的盖度、厚度与株密度发育差异,其添加量以2~3 g/m^2为宜;③功能性微生物对生物结皮盖度、厚度及苔藓株高度影响不明显(p=0.91/0.93/0.49),且与藻类无明显交互作用。[结论]45°黄土边坡人工恢复生物结皮是可行的。在环境适宜的坡面喷洒藻液、接种苔藓茎段碎片,开展生物结皮恢复,能够有效构建具有一定覆盖度与厚度、发育良好的生物结皮防护层。[Objective]The effects of microorganisms and algae on the recovery of biocrusts in the field were studied and the biocrusts protection technology of high and steep loess slopes was optimized in order to provide new ideas and methods for regional ecological restoration.[Methods]The effects of algae(chlorella+diatom mixed algae)and functional microorganisms(Bacillus licheniformis,Bacillus megaterium)on the development of artificially restored biocrusts were studied by complete experiments.[Results]①There were significant difference in development among different treatments,the median biocrust coverage of algae+Bacillus megaterium was the largest,with a mean value of 61.41%;the median biocrust thickness of Bacillus licheniformis was the largest,with a mean value of 2.58 mm;the median height of moss plant treated with only 3 g algae was the highest,with a mean value of 2.67 mm.②Algae treatment could explained the difference of biocrusts coverage,thickness and plant height among different sample squares significantly(p<0.05)under different addition levels(0,1 or 3 g/m^2),and the suitable addition amount was 2~3 g/m^2.③The functional microorganisms showed little effects on the biocrusts coverage,thickness and plant height of moss(p=0.91/0.93/0.49)and it showed no significant interaction with algae.[Conclusion]Artificial restoration of biocrusts on 45°slope is feasible.Spraying the algae solution on the slope with suitable environment,inoculating the gametophytic fragments of moss and carrying out the restoration of the biocrusts,can effectively construct a well-developed biocrusts protective layer with a certain coverage and thickness.

关 键 词：生物结皮 功能性微生物 绿藻 黄土高陡坡面 人工恢复 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]