增施中微量元素肥料对木薯生长及产量的影响  

Effect of Meso and Micro Element Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Cassava

作　　者：韦云东 郑华[1,2] 刘翠娟 李军[1,2] 盘欢[1,2] 罗燕春 WEI Yundong;ZHENG Hua;LIU Cuijuan;LI Jun;PAN Huan;LUO Yanchun(Guangxi Institute of Subtropical Crops,Nanning,Guangxi 530001;Guangxi Cassava Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530001;Hepu Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Beihai,Guangxi 536001)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所,广西南宁530001 [2]广西壮族自治区木薯研究所,广西南宁530001 [3]合浦县农业科学研究所,广西合浦536001

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2020年第1期7-14,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(No.2018YFD0201100);食用糯性木薯新品种桂热9号的中试和开发利用(No.桂科AB18221046);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(No.CARS-11);中微量元素肥料对木薯生长及养分吸收的影响(No.桂热研201705);基于水肥一体化的木薯水肥耦合效应研究(No.桂热研201806)

摘　　要：为探讨增施中微量元素肥料在木薯种植中的作用,在大田条件下,以南植199、桂热9号为材料,设不施肥、常规施肥及增施中微肥(穴施、叶面喷施及浸种)等不同处理,研究增施中微量元素肥料对木薯生长及产量的影响。结果表明,施肥可促进木薯生长并增加鲜薯产量及淀粉产量。品种间中微量元素肥效存在差异,增施熟石灰、硫酸镁、叶面喷施硼砂、综合处理及钙镁磷肥处理能显著提高南植199鲜薯产量;其中,钙镁磷肥处理鲜薯增产39.7%,淀粉增产达到51.3%;其次为增施熟石灰处理鲜薯增产35.6%,淀粉增产44.8%。而桂热9号增产效果为综合处理鲜薯增产10.6%,淀粉增产32.5%;穴施硫酸镁淀粉增产21.2%;钙镁磷肥处理鲜薯增产10.0%。综上所述,本试验条件下主要增产因素为镁和钙;因此木薯种植中施用中微量元素肥料应考虑品种差异和不同施用方式差异;尿素+钙镁磷肥+氯化钾替代常规施肥中尿素+普通复合肥+氯化钾可有效提高木薯鲜薯产量及淀粉产量。Two cassava varieties(GR9 and NZ199)were treated in a field trial with no fertilizer,regular fertilizer or meso-and trace element fertilizer by hole dressing,leaf spraying and seed soaking to observe the effect of meso-element and trace element fertilizer on the growth and yield of cassava.The results showed that fertilizer could increase the production of fresh cassava and starch.There were differences in effect of meso-and trace element fertilizers between the two varieties.The application of slacked lime,MgSO4 fertilizer,foliar application of borax,combined fertilizer or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer increased significantly the fresh yield of cassava NZ199,of which calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer increased the fresh yield of NZ199 by 39.7%and the yield of starch by 51.3%,followed by the slacked lime which increased the fresh yield of NZ199 by 35.6%and the yield of starch by 44.8%.For cassava GR9,the combined fertilizer increased the yield of fresh cassava by 10.6%and the yield of starch by 32.5%;MgSO4 fertilizer with hole application increased the fresh yield by 21.2%;calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer increased the fresh yield by 10.0%.It was concluded that the yield increase of cassava was mainly due to application of Ca and Mg in this trial and that cassava variety and fertilizer application method should be taken into consideration when cassava was applied with meso-and trace element fertilizer.

关 键 词：木薯 中微量元素 肥料 产量 钙镁磷肥 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]