紧身服装在冬奥竞速运动项目中的研究与应用现状  

Research and Application Status of Compression Garment in Winter Olympics Racing Sports

作　　者：杨宸灏 杨洋[1] 胡齐 肖松林 刘莉[3] 傅维杰[1] 刘宇[1] YANG Chenhao;YANG Yang;HU Qi;XIAO Songlin;LIU Li;FU Weijie;LIU Yu(Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology,Beijing 100029,China.)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [3]北京服装学院,北京100029

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2020年第1期24-30,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项课题（2019YFF0302100）;上海市人才发展基金资助计划（2018107）;上海市“曙光学者”计划（19SG47）

摘　　要：紧身服装已用作速度滑冰、高山滑雪、雪车、雪橇等冬奥竞速类项目的比赛服装。在极端环境下,紧身服装除有贴合皮肤、吸湿排汗的基本功能外,通过集成保暖、防护、减阻以及提升运动表现等多种功能,满足冬季项目的特定需求。随着2022年北京冬奥会的临近,紧身服装已被视为助力我国冬奥会运动员成绩取得突破的重要辅助手段。通过对文献资料分析与总结,归纳近年来紧身服装在冬奥竞速运动项目中的研究与应用现状,发现:1)紧身服装通过包裹皮肤、加载利于减阻的材料与结构设计从而减少气动阻力;2)紧身服装在高速、高冲击及极端气候条件下可以实现改善肌肉功能、优化技术动作的功效;3)多变的赛道和多样的技战术特点使得紧身服装对竞速类各项目的疲劳恢复作用具有广阔的应用前景。但不得不指出的是,上述紧身服装的研发力量依然主要掌握在欧美少数几家大公司内,我国鲜有独立系统开展针对该类紧身衣裤的研究。未来可以在借鉴夏季项目运动科学方法的基础上,更加针对不同项目各自的空气动力学、生理学以及生物力学特点,探索适用于我国运动员个体特点并集多项功效于一体的高科技紧身服装。Compression garment has been used in speed skating,short track speed skating,alpine skiing,cross-country skiing,speed skiing,sleigh,bobsleigh and other winter Olympics racing events.In extreme environments,in addition to the basic functions of skin fitting and moisture-wicking,it can integrate multiple functions such as keeping warm,protection,reducing drag and improving sports performance to meet the specific needs of winter sports.With the Beijing Winter Olympic Games approaching,it has been regarded as an important auxiliary means to help Chinese athletes achieve breakthroughs.Based on the analysis and summary of the literature,the research and application status of compression garment in winter Olympics racing sports in recent years were summarized.It’s been found that:1)Compression garment can reduce aerodynamic drag by wrapping the skin and special materials and drag-reduction design;2)compression garment can improve muscle function and optimize technical movements under high speed,high impact and extreme weather conditions;3)the changing track and various technical and tactical characteristics make compression garment have broad prospects for the research on the fatigue recovery.The technology of making compression garment is still controlled by a few large companies in Europe and the United States.Up to now,rare independent systematics research on compression garment for winter sports in China.In the future,based on the scientific methods of summer sports,we can further explore high-tech compression garment that is suitable for Chinese athletes and integrates multiple functions according to their characteristics of aerodynamics,physiology and biomechanics.

关 键 词：紧身服装 冬季奥林匹克运动会 竞速类项目 体育科学 研究现状 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]