不同氮肥处理下高温胁迫对夏玉米产量及叶片超微构造的影响  

Effects of Heat Stress on Grain Yield and Leaf Anatomical Structure in Summer Maize in Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application

作　　者：崔丽娜 董树亭[2] CUI Li-na;DONG Shu-ting(Dezhou University,Dezhou 253023;Agronomy College,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]德州学院,山东德州253023 [2]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《玉米科学》2020年第1期92-97,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171497,30871476);玉米现代产业技术体系项目(nyhyzx07-003);国家重大基础研究项目(2011CB100105)

摘　　要：以郑单958为材料,研究高温胁迫对夏玉米产量及叶片超微构造的影响。结果表明,高温处理缩短夏玉米的生育天数,降低夏玉米产量及叶绿素含量。随氮肥增加,高温处理对玉米产量的影响先降低后升高(在310.5 kg/hm^2氮肥下,高温处理玉米产量的降低达到27.2%、31.1%)。高温处理较对照维管束鞘细胞变大,高温处理维管束鞘细胞内的叶绿体出现淀粉粒,对照处理维管束鞘细胞内的叶绿体没有出现淀粉粒。高温线粒体及细胞核(被)膜开始解离,对照处理线粒体及细胞核(被)膜完整,说明高温条件下,玉米对氮的耐受力降低。高温处理叶绿体数、叶绿体基粒数减少及基粒片层数减少,叶绿体面积及叶绿体长/宽比值变小,高温处理较对照线粒体数先增加后减少。高温处理与对照叶肉细胞叶绿体内均未发现淀粉粒。Zhengdan958 was used as material to study the effects of heat stress on grain yield and leaf anatomical structure in summer maize. The results showed that the treatment of heat stress shortens the growth period of days of summer maize and reduced grain yield and chlorophyll in ear leaf of summer maize. Percentage difference in yield of maize treated with high temperature and control. The treatment of heat stress increased vascular bundle sheath and starch granule appeared in the chloroplast of vascular bundle sheath. Mitochondria and nuclear membrane disintegrated in the treatment of heat stress. The number of chloroplast, number of grana in the chloroplast and number of grana lamellae decreased and area of chloroplast in the treatment of heat stress. And chloroplast length/width minished in the treatment of heat stress. The number of mitochondria increased firstly and then decreased with decreased nitrogenous fertilizer. There was no starch granule in all treatments.

关 键 词：玉米 氮肥 高温胁迫 叶片 超微构造 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]