野生棉与陆地棉异源四倍体的合成与性状鉴定  

Synthesis and Character Identification of Heterotetraploid Hybrid from G.hirsutum and Wild Cotton

作　　者：郑赟 杨娜[1] 荣二花[1] 吴玉香[1] Zheng Yun;Yang Na;Rong Erhua;Wu Yuxiang(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,030801)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2020年第3期976-981,共6页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：山西农业大学国家基金培育匹配项目(2017GPY04);山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D221018-7)共同资助。

摘　　要：棉属具有丰富的种质资源,将抗病性从野生棉转移到陆地棉中,以此提高陆地棉抗病性是一条理想的育种途经。本研究通过陆地棉和C组野生澳洲棉远缘杂交获得杂种F1,对其进行染色体加倍,将加倍的异源六倍体再与B组野生绿顶棉杂交,产生陆地棉、澳洲棉、绿顶棉的异源四倍体杂种。异源四倍体杂种继承了亲本的部分性状,同时也产生了如蔓生等特异性状;该杂种减数分裂后期染色体不能均等分离,四分体时期有多分体和微核出现;SSR结果发现,该杂种不仅具有三个亲本的特征条带,并且产生了新的重组成分。本研究不仅为该异源四倍体杂种不育提供了直接原因,也为进一步探讨有效的育性恢复方法及棉花新种质创制提供了依据,同时为利用野生棉资源控制棉花黄萎病育种探索培育了中间材料。There are rich germplasm resources in Gossypium.It is an ideal breeding way to improve disease resistance of G.hirsutum by transferring disease resistance from wild cotton species to G.hirsutum.In order to introgress the useful traits from wild species of G.australe and G.capitisviridis into cultivated species,tetraploid of G.hirsutum was crossed directly with C-genome species of G.australe as male parent,creating a triploid hybrid.Chromosome doubling of this triploid hybrid leads to a allohexaploid which was then crossed with wild species of G.capitis-viridis,resulting in heterotetraploid hybrid(G.hirsutum,G.australe,G.capitis-viridis).The heterotetraploid hybrids inherited some traits of its parents and produced some specific traits such as trailing.And chromosome separated unevenly in anaphase of abnormal meiosis.Some multispores and micronucleus often appeared during the formation of tetrad in PMC.The results of SSR molecular markers showed that the hybrid not only had three characteristic bands of parents,but also produced new recombination.It provides the main reason of sterility for this hybrid and supply the basis and the effective method for restoring the fertility and further creating new germplasms.It also cultivates new cotton intermediate materials for cotton breeding to Verticillium wilt by using wild cotton resources.

关 键 词：陆地棉 野生棉 异源四倍体杂种 减数分裂 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]