豫东平原夏直播青贮玉米高产形态生理指标及栽培技术分析  

Study on High-yield Morpho-physiological Indexes and Cultivation Technique of Summer Direct-seeding Silage Maize in Eastern Plain of Henan

作　　者：苏天增 丁光省 任伟 彭雷 侯乐新 SU Tianzeng;DING Guangxing;REN Wei;PENG Lei;HOU Lexin(College of Biology and Food Sciences,Shangqiu Normal University,Shangqiu 476000,China;Henan Province Dajingjiu Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Shangqiu 476000,China)

机构地区：[1]商丘师范学院生物与食品学院,河南商丘476000 [2]河南省大京九种业有限公司,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2020年第3期387-391,400,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家青贮玉米育种创新基地项目(农计发[2014]148号);河南省科技开放合作项目(132106000033)。

摘　　要：采取生理生态指标调查、田间试验和示范验证相结合的方法,选用大京九26、豫青贮23、郑青贮1号、北农青贮208和雅玉青贮8号(CK)青贮玉米杂交种,设置品比试验以及播期、密度、氮磷施用量、青贮收获期试验,研究豫东平原夏直播青贮玉米高产形态生理指标及栽培技术。结果表明,实现18 t/hm^2生物干质量,群体最大叶面积系数在吐丝期达4.9,后期缓慢下降,到青贮收获期为3.2;青贮收获时保持13片以上绿叶,植株含水量65%~70%,生物鲜质量51~60 t/hm^2;以大京九26为主栽品种,搭配种植豫青贮23和郑青贮1号,实现上述产量需在6月15日以前播种结束,种植密度6.75万~7.50万株/hm^2,施纯氮315.5 kg/hm^2(尿素677.0 kg/hm^2)、P2O5123.1 kg/hm^2(过磷酸钙769.5 kg/hm^2),氮磷配比为1∶0.39,乳线位置达3/4时收获;2015—2017年连续3 a示范验证,平均生物干质量分别为18052.0、18692.0、19295.0 kg/hm^2,较临近一般生产田分别增产13.9%、16.4%和20.9%。根据青贮玉米的生理特性,遵循高产形态生理指标动态规律,采取适宜的栽培技术措施,是实现青贮玉米高产的重要途径。The method of combining physiological and ecological index investigation,field trial and demonstration and verification was adopted to set up five tests including variety comparative test,sowing date,density,application rate of nitrogen and phosphorus and harvest time of silage with Dajingjiu 26,Yuqingzhu 23,Zhengqingzhu 1,Beinongqingzhu 208 and Yayuqingzhu 8(CK)silage as materials,the high-yield morpho-physiological indexes and cultivation technique of summer direct-seeding silage maize were studied in Eastern Plain of Henan.The results indicated that for realizing the goal of 18000 kg/hm^2 biological yield,the maximum leaf area index of group in spinning period should reach about 4.9,which gradually decreased in later period of growth and about 3.2 at harvest.In the silage harvesting time,a corn plant should keep more than 13 green leaves,moisture content maintained 65%-70%and biological fresh quality reached above 51000-60000 kg/hm^2.Dajingjiu 26 was the main planting variety with the collocation of Yuqingzhu 23 and Zhengqingzhu 1,to realize the above-mentioned yield,it was necessary to finish sowing before June 15 and the planting density was 67500-75000 plants/hm^2,applied pure nitrogen at 315.5 kg/hm^2(urea 677.0 kg/hm^2)and P2O5 at 123.1 kg/hm^2(converting into calcium superphosphate 769.5 kg/hm^2),the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus was 1∶0.39 and harvest when milk line position reached 3/4.In 2015,2016 and 2017,three consecutive years of demonstration and verification showed that the average biological dry quality was 18052.0,18692.0,19295.0 kg/hm^2,respectively,which increased 13.9%,16.4%and 20.9%compared with the adjacent general production fields.According to the physiological characteristics of silage maize,following the dynamic regularity of morphological and physiological indexes of high yield,adopting appropriate cultivation techniques were important pathways to achieve high yield of silage maize.

关 键 词：夏直播 青贮玉米 高产 形态生理指标 栽培技术 豫东平原 

分 类 号：S548[农业科学—作物学]