氮运筹对冬小麦氮素积累量和氮素吸收利用效率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Management on Nitrogen Accumulation and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency in Winter Wheat

作　　者：高宏伟 杨武德[1] 冯美臣[1] 王超[1] Muhammad Saleem Kubar 岳彧 GAO Hongwei;YANG Wude;FENG Meichen;WANG Chao;Muhammad Saleem Kubar;YUE Yu(College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;New Vocational Farmer Training Center in Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030002,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西省新型职业农民培训中心,山西太原030002

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2020年第3期392-395,共4页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31871571,31371572);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2018YJ17);山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励科研项目(SXYBKY2018040)。

摘　　要：为探明冬小麦生产过程中氮肥的合理施用时期、基追比例及施用量,增加冬小麦氮素积累量和提高氮素吸收利用效率,实现氮肥资源高效利用,通过田间试验,比较分析了不同追肥时期(拔节期、开花期和灌浆期)、基追比(6∶4和5∶5)和施氮水平(0、75、150、225、300 kg/hm^2)下冬小麦氮素积累量和氮素吸收利用效率的差异。结果表明,追肥时期、基追比例和施氮量均影响冬小麦氮素积累量及氮素吸收利用效率,并且存在互作效应;追肥时期、基追比例和施氮量对各器官氮素积累量的影响基本表现为:拔节期>开花期>灌浆期、基追比6∶4>基追比5∶5以及施氮量为225 kg/hm^2时最大;氮素吸收效率和氮素农学利用效率随施氮量的增加而递减。冬小麦适宜的追肥时期为拔节期、基追比为6∶4、施氮量225 kg/hm^2,该氮肥运筹方式下,其籽粒氮素积累量最高,为250.30 kg/hm^2。研究结果可为冬小麦合理施氮和栽培技术提供理论依据和技术支撑。To determine the reasonable application period,ratio of base fertilizer and topdressing and amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the production process of winter wheat,increase the nitrogen accumulation amount of winter wheat and increase the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency,and realize the efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer resources,through field experiments,differences in accumulation and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency in winter wheat under different topdressing periods(jointing stage,flowering stage and filling stage),base-to-top ratio(6∶4 and 5∶5)and nitrogen application levels(0,75,150,225,300 kg/hm^2)were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the topdressing period,base-to-top ratio and nitrogen application amount all affected the nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of winter wheat,and there were interaction effects.The effect of the topdressing period,base-to-top ratio and the amount of nitrogen application on the nitrogen accumulation of each organ was basically as follows:topdressing at jointing stage>flowering stage>filling stage,base-to-top ratio 6∶4>base-to-top ratio 5∶5,and the nitrogen application amount maximum at 225 kg/hm^2.Nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen agronomic efficiency decreased with the increase of nitrogen application amount.The suitable topdressing period for winter wheat is jointing stage,the base-to-top ratio is 6∶4,and the nitrogen application rate is 225 kg/hm^2.Under this nitrogen fertilizer operation method,the grain nitrogen accumulation amount is the highest at 250.30 kg/hm^2.The research results will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for reasonable nitrogen application and cultivation techniques for winter wheat.

关 键 词：冬小麦 基追比 施氮量 氮素积累量 氮素吸收利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]