减水减肥对温室西葫芦产量及土壤养分的影响  

Effect of Reducing Fertilization and Irrigation on Yield of Zucchini and Soil Nutrients in Greenhouse

作　　者：霍晨 李丽君 邹慧芳 马琳杰 霍晓兰 刘平 惠薇 HUO Chen;LI Lijun;ZOU Huifang;MA Linjie;HUO Xiaolan;LIU Ping;HUI Wei(College of Biological Engineering,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Key Laboratory ofSoil Environment and Nutrient Resources in Shanxi Province,Institute of Agricultural Environment andResources,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学生物工程学院,山西太原030006 [2]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2020年第3期426-435,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：科技部重点研发项目(2016YFD0800105-5)。

摘　　要：为了提高肥料利用率,减少过量施肥、灌溉对生态环境的负面效应,在温室进行了西葫芦种植试验,设施肥量水平(农民习惯施肥量和减肥量)、灌水处理(传统灌溉和滴灌)及施加生物炭3种因素,以明确不同水肥条件下西葫芦产量、不同部位养分含量、水肥生产率、生物量、土壤养分及养分盈余情况,研究减量水肥组合对西葫芦生长及土壤的影响。结果表明,在农民习惯施肥量基础上适量减少施肥、灌溉量与施加生物炭措施未造成西葫芦减产,且提高了肥料偏生产力和灌溉水生产率,对西葫芦地上部、地下部生物量及西葫芦、根系及茎叶养分含量无明显影响;减肥减水对于土壤pH、有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮、有效磷及CaCl2-P含量基本没有显著影响,而施加生物炭能增加耕层有机质含量,减少土壤硝态氮的淋溶风险;减水与施加生物碳处理对土壤氮素、磷素盈余量无显著性影响。研究结果可为提高设施蔬菜水肥利用效率、减轻土壤养分淋溶提供理论依据。To improve the fertilizer utilization rate and reduce the negative effects of excessive fertilization and irrigation on the environment,the zucchini planting experiment was carried out in the greenhouse.Two fertilization levels were set,including a farmers'habitual fertilization amount and a reduction amount,2 kinds of irrigation treatment(traditional irrigation and dropper),and application of biochar to figure out the effects of reducing fertilizer and irrigation amount on the zucchini yield,nutrient content in different parts,water and fertilizer productivity,biomass,soil nutrients and nutrient surplus.The results showed that in the test range,the appropriate reduction of fertilizer application on the basis of farmers'customary fertilizer application did not reduce the yield of zucchini,moreover,the partial productivity of fertilizers and the productivity of irrigation water increased,and the above-ground and below-ground biomass of zucchini and the nutrient content of zucchini,roots,stem and leaf were not significantly affected.The reduction of fertilizer and irrigation had basically no significant effect on soil pH,organic matter,nitrate nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,available phosphorus and CaCl2-P content.The application of biochar could increase the organic matter content of the plough layer and reduce the risk of soil nitrate leaching.Water reduction and biological carbon treatment had no significant effect on soil nitrogen and phosphorus surplus.The research results can provide theoretical basis for improving the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of facilities vegetables and reducing soil nutrient leaching.

关 键 词：减水减肥 西葫芦 产量 养分 温室 

分 类 号：S642.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]