火花塞电磁兼容性能的提升对策  

Improvement of the EMC of the Spark Plug

作　　者：杨辉睦 杜德魁 邓钧 李耀 张堂亮 YANG Huimu;DU Dekui;DENG Jun;LI Yao;ZHANG Tangliang(Zhuzhou Torch Spark Plug Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou Hunan 412001,China)

机构地区：[1]株洲湘火炬火花塞有限责任公司,湖南株洲412001

出　　处：《汽车零部件》2020年第2期48-52,共5页Automobile Parts

摘　　要：近年来,乘用车辆采用了越来越多的电子设备,需要系统考虑车辆上所有电器件的电磁兼容性能;同时发动机技术的提升也对电磁兼容性能提出了更高的要求。火花塞作为发动机点火系列中的点火执行器,其单体不具备辐射电磁波的能力。但火花塞点火时,释放点火线圈储存的能量,在间隙击穿的瞬间,其周围的电场会发生急剧变化,从而产生电磁波。可以通过减小间隙、使用贵金属尖端中心电极等手段,降低点火电压,从而降低电磁波的频率和能量;同时采用合适的包边口尺寸和合适的接线端子位置,采用屏蔽型等手段,来减短和缩小电磁波传播的路径,达到良好的火花塞电磁兼容性能。采用电阻型、电感型、磁阻型的火花塞结构是抑制电磁波常用和主要的手段,通过不同的组合可以实现更好的火花塞电磁兼容性能。In recent years, more and more electronic devices have been used in vehicle, the EMC performance of all electrical components on the vehicle needs to be considered, and the technology improvement of engine also provides a higher requirement for the electromagnetic compatibility performance. The spark plug, as an ignition actuator in the engine ignition series, does not have the ability to radiate electromagnetic waves. But when the spark plug is ignited, the energy stored by the ignition coil is released, and the electric field around the spark plug is rapidly changed at the instant of the gap breakdown, thereby generating the electromagnetic wave. By reducing the gap, using a precious metal tip center electrode and the like, the ignition voltage could be reduced, the frequency and the energy of the electromagnetic wave could be reduced. So that the path of the electromagnetic wave propagation was reduced, and the EMC performance of the spark plug was achieved. Finally, the structure of the spark plug with the resistance type, the inductance type and the magnetic resistance type was the common and main means of suppressing the electromagnetic wave, and the EMC performance of the spark plug could be achieved by different combination.

关 键 词：火花塞 电池兼容性能 优化措施 

分 类 号：U463.643[机械工程—车辆工程]