坚持社会主义农村土地集体所有的大方向——评析土地私有化的四个错误观点  

Insisting on the General Direction of Collective Ownership of Socialist Rural Land: Comments on Four Wrong Ideas on Land Privatization

作　　者：程恩富[1] 张杨[1,2] Cheng Enfu;Zhang Yang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学 [2]河北金融学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2020年第2期134-144,共11页Chinese Rural Economy

摘　　要：本文以习近平总书记多次强调坚持农村土地农民集体所有、坚持“统分结合”发展集体经济与合作经济的重要讲话为指导,客观评析了主张土地私有化或变相私有化的四个错误观点:评析了“农村土地集体所有制产权不清”的观点,认为法律对土地集体所有权作出了非常清晰的界定;评析了“土地私有制是农村土地改革方向”的观点,认为这种主张的实质是通过永久性地固化原有的家庭土地承包关系来搞农村土地私有化,无视和否定了习近平总书记所强调的壮大农村集体经济应注重“统分结合”双层经营的思想;评析了“农村土地私有化会使农民更为富裕”的观点,认为私有土地的自由买卖并不能使农民实现权利与结果的公平,绝大多数农民也不可能通过农村土地私有化实现全面小康和共富共享;评析了“‘一田两主’制度是农村土地改革有效途径”的观点,认为这一论断是通过实际架空农村土地的集体所有权来变相主张农村土地私有化。With the guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speeches that repeatedly insist on the collective ownership of rural land and the development of collective economy and cooperative economy,this article objectively evaluates four wrong views that advocate land privatization or privatization in disguise.It firstly reviews the viewpoint of“unclear property rights of collective land ownership in rural areas”,and holds that the law sets a very clear definition of collective land ownership.It then analyzes the viewpoint that“private ownership of land is the direction of land reform”,and holds that by permanently solidifying the original household land contract relationship to engage in privatization of rural land,it ignores and negates Xi Jinping’s idea which emphasizes that strengthening the rural collective economy should pay attention to the double-layer management of“combination of centralization and decentralization”.It further reviews the idea that“land privatization will make farmers more affluent”,and holds that the free deal of private land cannot enable farmers to realize fairness of rights and of results,and that it is impossible for the majority of farmers to achieve comprehensive well-off society and common prosperity through land private ownership.At last,it reviews the idea that“the mode of‘one field,two owners’is an effective way to rural land reform”,and argues that this assertion is to disguise the privatization of rural land by rendering rural land collective ownership null and void.

关 键 词：土地 集体所有制 统分结合 新型集体经济 农民合作社 家庭农场 

分 类 号：F301.1[经济管理—产业经济]