花铃期高温胁迫对海岛棉干物质积累分配和产量的影响  

Effects of heat stress during the flowering and boll-forming stage on accumulation and distribution of dry matter and yield in island cotton

作　　者：陈振 阿不都卡地尔·库尔班 陈平[3] 林涛[2] 郭仁松[2] 张巨松[1] CHEN Zhen;Abudukadier·Kuerban;CHEN Ping;LIN Tao;GUO Rensong;ZHANG Jusong(Cotton Engineering Research Center,Ministry of Education,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Awati County Meteorological Bureau,Awati 843200,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学教育部棉花工程研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [3]阿瓦提县气象局,新疆阿瓦提843200

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2020年第2期223-230,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0101605-05);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2016B01001-2);新疆维吾尔自治区研究生科研创新项目(XJ2019G145)

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在探明花铃期高温胁迫持续时间对海岛棉干物质积累分配与产量的影响,为海岛棉选育耐热品种及丰产栽培提供依据。[方法]以海岛棉品种‘新海43号’(XH 43)和‘新海49号’(XH 49)为材料,采用田间搭设塑料棚的方式进行高温胁迫处理,在花铃期高温胁迫3 d(H3)、6 d(H6)和9 d(H9),以大田自然状态为对照(CK),试验采用双因素随机区组设计,3次重复,研究高温胁迫对海岛棉各器官干物质积累、成铃率和产量构成因素的影响。[结果]花铃期不同时间高温胁迫降低了海岛棉地上部干物质量,各器官干物质量均降低。但在盛花后40 d,H6和H9处理茎秆和叶片干物质量显著高于对照;高温胁迫显著降低棉铃的干物质量,但延长了棉铃干物质积累的时间,XH 43和XH 49在高温胁迫后棉铃快速积累终止期分别延长5~14 d和1~10 d;不同时间高温胁迫使单株结铃数、单铃质量和衣分均有不同程度的降低,与对照相比,XH 43和XH 49籽棉产量分别下降11.4%~27.3%和12.0%~44.4%。花铃期高温胁迫显著降低了中部果枝的成铃率及双铃率,导致植株的单株结铃数显著降低,与对照相比,XH 43和XH 49单株结铃数分别减少21.6%~28.9%和16.6%~34.7%。而H6和H9处理使上部果枝的成铃率及双铃率显著增加,上部果枝铃数增加;高温胁迫后XH 49各器官干物质量及产量构成因素变化幅度均大于XH 43,表明高温胁迫对XH 49影响更大。[结论]花铃期短期高温胁迫限制了棉铃的生长发育,导致最终产量显著下降。但后期营养器官干物质量显著升高,促进生殖器官生长,从而补偿部分产量损失。[Objectives]In order to give references to breeding heat-resistant varieties and formulating high-yield techniques for island cotton,we have investigated the effects of heat stress during the flowering and boll-forming stage on accumulation and distribution of dry matter and yield in island cotton.[Methods]Using island cotton varieties‘Xinhai 43’(XH 43)and‘Xinhai 49’(XH 49)as materials,high temperature stress was carried out by setting up plastic sheds in the field.The flowering and boll-forming stage was stressed for 3 days(H3),6 days(H6)and 9 days(H9).With the natural state of the field as the control(CK),the experiment was designed with two-factor randomized block design and repeated for 3 times.Effects of high temperature stress on dry matter accumulation,boll-setting rate and yield components of island cotton were studied.[Results]The dry matter weight of island cotton decreased by heat stress for different days during flowering and boll-forming stage,and the dry matter weight of each organ decreased in varying degrees.However,40 days after full-bloom,the dry matter weights of stems and leaves treated with H6 and H9 were significantly higher than those of the control.Different days of heat stress at boll stage significantly reduced the dry matter weight of cotton bolls,but prolonged the dry matter accumulation time of cotton bolls.After heat stress of XH 43 and XH 49 for 3 to 9 days,the termination period of rapid accumulation of cotton bolls was prolonged by 5-14 days and 1-10 days,respectively.Under different days of heat stress,the boll number per plant,boll weight and lint percentage decreased in varying degrees.Compared with the control,the seed cotton yield of XH 43 and XH 49 decreased by 11.4%-27.3%and 12.0%-44.4%,respectively.Heat stress at boll stage significantly decreased the boll-setting rate and double-bolls rate of middle fruit branch,resulting in a significant decrease in the number of bolls per plant,compared with the control.The boll number per plant of XH 43 and XH 49 decreased by 2

关 键 词：海岛棉 高温胁迫 干物质 成铃率 产量 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]