多通道农药喷施角度对果树靶标仿形气、雾流场的影响  

Effect of spray angles on profiling-flow field distribution from a multi-channel air-assistant sprayer in fruit tree applications

作　　者：邱威 何家敏 孙玉慧 廖洋洋 周良富 刘银冬 QIU Wei;HE Jiamin;SUN Yuhui;LIAO Yangyang;ZHOU Liangfu;LIU Yindong(College of Engineering/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligence Agricultural Equipment,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China;Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院/江苏省智能化农业装备重点实验室,江苏南京210031 [2]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2020年第2期379-386,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51805271);江苏省农业自主创新基金项目(CX181007);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KYYJ201805)

摘　　要：[目的]本文针对传统风送喷雾存在沉积均匀性和内部沉积不够的问题,从冠层不规则特征出发,提出一种基于角度调节的多通道气流仿形施药策略。[方法]以纺锤型梨树为例,根据纺锤型冠层分布特点沿竖直方向均分为3段,分析不同冠层段的施药需求,构建基于冠层特征的出风口角度参数计算方法,开展多通道风送式雾化装置气、雾流场的分布变化规律试验。[结果]由于多通道气流随着距离的汇聚、重合与衰减,角度参数组合的气流速度因不同施药距离,呈现出“波峰波谷型”“纺锤型”“单波峰”“峰尖型”变化。当施药距离为1.5 m时,角度参数组合的气、雾流场分布曲线与果树冠层轮廓最为接近。在冠层生物量较多的区域气流平均速度为7.1 m·s^-1,雾量为1198 mL,与未调节角度情况相比分别提升26.79%、29.93%;冠层叶片正、反面平均覆盖率提升13.52%、29.17%,正、反面雾滴沉积均匀度提升38.11%、43.90%。[结论]提出并验证了一种基于角度调节的多通道仿形气、雾流施药策略,并明确该策略中施药距离参数取值范围,为果树施药增效减量提供新思路。[Objectives]The purpose of this paper was to improve deposition uniformity and inside deposition in orchard spray application,and to propose a method to realize the differential flow distribution according to canopy characteristics by adjusting angle parameters.[Methods]Taking spindle pear tree as an example,the canopy was divided into three sections along the vertical direction according to its irregular characteristics.The application requirements of different canopy sections were analyzed separately,and the calculation method of outlet angle parameters was constructed.The change rule of flow field distribution generated by a multi-channel air-assistant sprayer was tested,and the optimum application parameters were obtained.[Results]Because of the convergence,coincidence and attenuation of multi-channel airflow with distance,the airflow velocity under angle parameter combination shows“peak-valley”“spindle”“single-peak”and“peak-apex”changes at different application distances.When the spraying distance was 1.5 m,the distribution curve of air and droplet flow under angle parameter combination was closest to the outline of fruit canopy.In the sections with more biomass,the average velocity of air flow was 7.1 m·s^-1 and the spray rate was 1198 mL,which were 26.79%and 29.93%higher than that in the case of unregulated angle.The coverage rate of obverse and reverse side increased 13.52%,29.17%,especially in rear sampling site.Also,the spray uniformity of obverse and reverse side increased 38.11%,43.90%.[Conclusions]The angle and distance of application were important factors affecting airflow distribution.An angle regulation strategy based on the characteristics of fruit trees was proposed,and the selection range of spraying distance parameters was defined to provide a new idea for increasing efficacy and decreasing spray rate.

关 键 词：精准农业 变量施药 多通道 流场 

分 类 号：S499[农业科学—植物保护]