呼吸暖体假人的技术发展及其在健康建筑领域的应用与展望  

Technology development of breathing thermal manikin and its application and prospect in healthy building

作　　者：刘硕[1,2] 刘雅琳 王怡[1,2] 张婷[3] 孙伟[3] 刘荔 Shuo Liu;Yalin Liu;Yi Wang;Ting Zhang;Wei Sun;Li Liu(State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;School of Building Services Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;Biomanufacturing Center,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学西部绿色建筑国家重点实验室,西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学建筑设备科学与工程学院,西安710055 [3]清华大学机械工程系生物制造中心,北京100084 [4]清华大学建筑学院,北京100084

出　　处：《科学通报》2020年第4期274-287,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0702702);国家自然科学基金(51778520);国家杰出青年科学基金(51425803)资助

摘　　要：健康建筑的核心理念是"以人为本",室内环境直接影响人体健康、舒适及工作效率,而室内人员的直观感受和健康效应则是营造室内环境的关键性评价指标.本文从如何营造人体微环境气流和构建呼吸道体外模型角度着手,对呼吸暖体假人在个体暴露领域的最新研究进展进行了综述,介绍了暖体假人的模型结构、实现方法、功能、特征及控制,总结了人体微环境区域的流场特性和污染暴露影响因素,讨论了人体吸入暴露研究的现状和难点,并展望了使用呼吸暖体假人进行人体健康效应研究的发展前景.本文旨在促进发展更合理精确的环境控制技术,实现健康建筑.The core concept of healthy building is "people-oriented". Indoor environment directly affects human health, comfort level, and work efficiency. The intuitive feeling and health effects of indoor occupants should be key evaluation indicators in constructing indoor environment. However, limited by existing experimental methods, testing techniques, and ethical considerations, many experiments related to indoor human health and comfort cannot be carried out on human bodies. In addition, although existing indoor environmental monitoring techniques and equipments can meet parameter control and energy efficiency requirements, they are relatively independent, and have not been integrated on a comprehensive platform.Furthermore, indicators are needed to reflect the comprehensive influence of multiple environmental parameters on the health effects of occupants. Therefore, in order to evaluate human thermal comfort in different environments and determine the effective doses of pathogenic sites in personal exposure studies, advanced and reliable measurement tools must be developed first.As a sophisticated and complex device, thermal manikin plays an important role in the evaluation of indoor health effects. It was originally used to measure and evaluate clothing performance parameters;with the development of control methods and manufacturing technology, many scholars have put forward sweating thermal manikin, thermal regulation manikin, and breathing thermal manikin on the basis of clothing thermal manikin.This paper systematically reviews the progress of research in three aspects, that is, the development history of thermal manikin, the construction of human microenvironment, and the construction of in vitro respiratory tract model. In different development stages and application environments, the implementation method, functions, features, and control methods of thermal manikin show diversity, but its implementation principles are basically similar. That is, it consists of morphological shell, surface skin, heating elemen

关 键 词：暖体假人 人体微环境 吸入暴露 呼吸道模型 有效剂量 

分 类 号：TU83[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程] TU111