健康建筑声环境研究进展  

Research progress on the acoustic environments of healthy buildings

作　　者：康健 马蕙[1] 谢辉[3] 张圆[4] 李忠哲 Jian Kang;Hui Ma;Hui Xie;Yuan Zhang;Zhongzhe Li(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering,The Bartlettt,University College London(UCL),London,WC1H 0NN,UK;Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China;School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China;School of Architecture,Harbin Institute Technology,Harbin 150006,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering,The Bartlett,University College London(UCL),London,WC1H 0NN,UK [3]重庆大学建筑城规学院,重庆400030 [4]沈阳建筑大学建筑与规划学院,沈阳110168 [5]哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院,哈尔滨150006

出　　处：《科学通报》2020年第4期288-299,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：建筑及城市声环境是健康建筑质量的重要组成部分.本文首先讨论了从噪声控制到声景营造,即从降低负面健康影响到促进公众健康的发展趋势,在这个从观念到理论到方法的转化过程中,声环境对人的健康影响有了更为科学的研究视角和操作方法,与基于健康理念的声环境设计共同成为声景研究持续关注的焦点.在此基础上,介绍了一些近期的创新研究成果,包括声景感知对健康效应的影响,及声景的心理生理学方面的系统性综述研究;基于恢复性环境理论的城市公共开放空间声景恢复性效应的理论发展和实证研究进展、典型声景的生理指标变化的敏感性研究;针对特定群体健康影响的研究,包括儿童恢复性声景研究、环境噪声对儿童认知能力的影响研究;针对特定空间的声环境健康研究,包括医院声环境对住院病人健康、对医护人员工作效率的影响等.总体而言,声景的生理学和神经生理学研究尚处于起步阶段,有许多方面值得研究;城市公共开放空间声景恢复性效应,其影响机理和主动调节层面还有值得深入研究的内容;针对特定人群和特定空间的声景健康研究还将拓展到其他人群和空间,研究也将从客观影响规律走向基于健康的声环境主动设计.Building and urban acoustic environments greatly contribute to the quality of healthy buildings.This paper first discusses the developmental transitions from noise control to soundscape construction,and the changing focus from negative effects on public health to the promotion of health benefits.During this transition,the impacts of acoustic environments on human health have been investigated from various research perspectives,from concept to theory to methods.In current soundscape research,sound environment designs are based on health concepts.Innovative results have been introduced from this focus.First,the impacts of soundscape perception on human health and the psychophysiological effects of soundscape have been extensively reviewed.Reduced negative soundscapes are significantly positively correlated with the self-reported health conditions of subjects.Especially,soundscapes reported as positive(e.g.,pleasant and calm)are significantly positively correlated with environmental stress restoration.The physiology and neurophysiology of soundscapes are emerging subjects that require extensive further research.Research on the restorative effects of urban public open spaces has included the development of relevant theories and practice,experimental studies of restorative performance and its influencing factors,and sensitivity studies,which measure the response magnitude of physiological indicators to typical soundscapes.The restorative quality of public open spaces in the urban context is of particular interests.Soundscapes in public open spaces are known to directly affect the psychology,physiology,and attention span of individuals.They also exert an indirect recovery effect through audio-visual interactions.A study on the sensitivity study of physiological indicators analyzed the change of the physiological signals over time,the type of scenery,and the restoration effect was quantified from the relationships among different subjective scales.Stressed children exposed to different potentially restorative soundscape

关 键 词：健康建筑 声环境 噪声 声景 恢复性 生理学 

分 类 号：TU112[建筑科学—建筑理论]