仿生材料在集水领域应用的研究现状  

Research and application status on biomimetic materials in the water harvesting area

作　　者：陈振[1] 张增志[1,2] 杜红梅 王晗[1] 王立宁 丛中卉 吴浩平 CHEN Zhen;ZHANG Zeng-zhi;DU Hong-mei;WANG Han;WANG Li-ning;CONG Zhong-hui;WU Hao-ping(School of Mechanical Electronic&Information Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Research Institute of Ecological and Functional Material,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)机电与信息工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)生态功能材料研究所,北京100083

出　　处：《材料工程》2020年第3期10-18,共9页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50772131);国家“863”计划项目(2011AA322100);教育部重点项目(106086);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2010YJ05)

摘　　要：目前,淡水资源紧缺已经成为一个全球性的难题,特别是在一些干旱和欠发达地区,问题更加严峻。在自然界中,许多生物能够从雾气中获得水分,这为开发新颖的功能性集水材料提供了灵感。最近,在实际应用和基础研究方面,仿生集水材料作为一个热门的课题越来越受到人们关注。本文总结了纳米布沙漠甲虫、仙人掌和蜘蛛丝的集水机理,并叙述了仿生材料的合成、功能和集水效率,以及最近几年仿生材料新的发展。最后,对仿生集水材料在制备和应用过程中存在的主要问题进行总结并对未来发展趋势进行展望。Nowadays,water shortage has become a severe issue all over the world, especially in some arid and undeveloped areas. In nature, many creatures can collect water from fog which can provide a source of inspiration to develop novel and functional water-collecting materials. Recently, as an increasingly hot research topic, bioinspired materials with water collection have captured vast scientific attentions into both practical applications and fundamental researches. In this paper, the mechanism of water collection of Namib desert beetle, cactus and spider silk was summarized, and the synthesis, function and water collection efficiency of corresponding biomimetic materials were described, as well as new developments in recent years. Finally, conclusions and outlook concerning the main problems and development trends of bionic water-collecting materials in the process of preparation and application were presented.

关 键 词：沙漠甲虫 仙人掌 蜘蛛丝 仿生材料 集水效率 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]