有机肥替代对京郊夏播青贮玉米土壤养分动态与平衡的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Substitution on Soil Nutrient Dynamics and Balance in Summer Silage Maize in Beijing Suburbs

作　　者：熊波 王琛 张莉 滕飞 李震 李传友 刘京蕊 常晓莲 赵谦 李贵桐[2] XIONG Bo;WANG Chen;ZHANG Li;TENG Fei;LI Zhen;LI Chuan-you;LIU Jing-rui;CHANG Xiao-lian;ZHAO Qian;LI Gui-tong(Beijing Center of Agricultural Machinery Testing and Identification,Beijing 100079;Department of Soil and Water Science,College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(North China),Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China.Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农业机械试验鉴定推广站,北京100079 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院土壤和水科学系/农业部华北耕地保育实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《玉米科学》2019年第6期131-137,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：农业部主要农作物生产全程机械化示范项目;北京市农业废弃物资源化循环利用机械化技术示范推广项目;“十二五”科技支撑计划《北方城郊环保型多功能生态农业模式研究与示范》(2014BAD14B03)

摘　　要：通过田间试验设置4个处理,100%化肥、70%化肥+30%有机肥、40%化肥+60%有机肥和100%有机肥,研究青贮玉米生产中施用有机肥替代化肥对土壤养分动态和平衡的影响。通过测定生育期内表层土壤速效N、P、K养分、土壤微生物量C与N、1 m土体NO3-含量和青贮玉米N、P、K吸收量发现,在大喇叭口期,有机肥替代化肥处理降低表层土壤无机N的供应水平,提高有效P和速效K的供应水平;在收获期,有机肥替代显著提高土壤微生物量C、N,显著降低81~100 cm土层NO3-含量和1 m土体NO3-累积量。有机肥替代提高养分生产力和养分回收量,加剧土壤养分的亏缺。本研究条件下,30%有机肥替代化肥处理土壤N、P、K养分供应水平高,养分回收率高,加剧土壤养分的亏缺,需考虑长期的养分平衡问题。The purpose of this study was to provide an experimental basis for OFS in the silage maize production via field experiment.There were 4 treatments in the experiment,100%chemical fertilizer N,70%chemical fertilizer N+30%organic fertilizer N,40%chemical fertilizer N+60%organic fertilizer N,and 100%organic fertilizer N.During the experiment,soil available N,P,K in the surface layer,soil microbial biomass C and N,nitrate along 1 m soil profile,and N,P,K in harvested biomass were measured.The results showed that,for soil nutrients,at flared stage,OFS reduced the supply level of mineral N in the surface layer,but improved the supply level of available P and K;at harvest,OFS increased soil microbial biomass C and N,significantly reduced nitrate concentration in the80-100 cm layer and the nitrate amount in the 1 m soil profile;for nutrients recovery,OFS improved the productivity and recovery ratios of the nutrients and intensify the deficiency of soil nutrients.This research showed that 30%OFS could not only provide more available N,P,K for silage maize,but also recover more nutrients from soil.On the other hand,30%OFS intensified the deficiency level of soil residual nutrients,which should be paying more attention advanced.

关 键 词：青贮玉米 有机肥替代 土壤养分 养分回收率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]