平原河网湖荡区域水环境容量分析:以嘉兴北部地区为例  

Assessment on Water Environmental Capacity of Coastal Lowlands Networked with Rivers and Lakes: A Case Study in the Northern Region of Jiaxing in China

作　　者：李昊璋 张民曦 袁静 陈晓辉 喻国良[1] LI Haozhang;ZHANG Minxi;YUAN Jing;CHEN Xiaohui;YU Guoliang(School of Naval Architecture,Ocean&Civil Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院

出　　处：《华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第1期44-51,共8页Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2017ZX07206)

摘　　要：平原河网湖荡广泛分布在沿海地带,由于其地势低、水动力弱,易聚集大量的沉积物和污染物,污染负荷超过水环境容量,危及生态系统。为分析平原河网湖荡区域的水环境容量,以嘉兴北部地区为例,做了大量的野外实测,收集了不同时期的水文、水质数据和统计数据。在此基础上,对各控制单元的水环境容量及污染来源的时空分布进行了分析。研究结果表明:研究时段内,各控制单元的污染负荷和剩余水环境容量的时空差异显著,区域内总氮(TN)与总磷(TP)的浓度超标严重,河流控制单元的化学需氧量(COD)和TP浓度高于湖荡控制单元的;研究时段内,各控制单元的TN均无剩余水环境容量;大部分控制单元存有COD剩余水环境容量;大部分控制单元单位时间的剩余水环境容量呈现出丰水期>枯水期>平水期的规律;根据各控制单元的污染源和水环境容量情况,分别提出了具体的水环境改善措施。Networked rivers and lakes are widely distributed in coastal lowlands.Due to its flat terrain and weak flow dynamics,sediments and pollutants are easily accumulated in the region.The pollution load exceeds the water environmental capacity,which endangers the ecosystem.Taking the northern region of Jiaxing as a case study area,large number of field measurements were conducted to collect hydrological,water quality and statistical data in different periods in order to study the water environmental capacity in lowlands networked with rivers and lakes.The water environmental capacity and pollution source were analyzed both temporally and spatially.The results showed that the pollution load and remnant water environmental capacity of each control unit are varied in different periods and control units.The concentrations of TN and TP in this region were seriously over standard,and the concentrations of COD and TP in the river control units are higher than that in the lake control units.During the period,each control unit has no TN remnant water environmental capacity left,but most control units have COD remnant water environmental capacity.It is shown that the remnant water environmental capacity of most control units showed the law:flood period>dry period>normal period.Finally,according to the pollution sources and water environmental capacity of each control unit,specific measures for water environment improvement were proposed.

关 键 词：控制单元 水环境容量 河网湖荡 平原地区 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]