农田硝态氮淋溶损失影响因素及防治对策研究进展  

Research Progress on the Influencing Factors and Countermeasures of Nitrate Nitrogen Leaching Loss in Farmland

作　　者：王钰涵 唐璐 WANG Yuhan;TANG Lu(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;The Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration of the Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Henan Vocational College of Water Conservancy and Environment,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学环境与市政工程学院,河南郑州450046 [2]湖库水生态环境保护与修复河南省工程实验室,河南郑州450000 [3]河南水利与环境职业学院,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第1期58-64,共7页Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：平舆县“水土联治”关键技术研究及示范项目(HNST-PYKY)

摘　　要：针对农业种植中过量氮肥施用引发的环境污染问题,尤其是硝态氮淋溶造成的地表水和地下水污染问题,基于近年来氮淋溶方面的研究,分析了氮淋溶的主要成因及影响因素,其中施肥量、灌溉方式、降雨强度及土壤类型等是影响硝态氮淋溶的主要因素。此外,总结了有效减少氮淋溶的具体措施,主要包括:①合理施肥,结合不同作物、不同时期的生长特点,制定合理的施肥量;②控水灌溉,选择合适的灌溉量、灌溉频率及灌溉时间;③制定合理的耕作措施,种植填闲作物;④推广新型肥料,施用控释肥、缓释肥或添加抑制剂。这些措施既可节约资源,又能够降低氮淋溶对水环境的影响。In view of the environmental pollution caused by excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in the process of agricultural planting,especially the pollution of surface water and groundwater caused by nitrate nitrogen leaching,based on the research on nitrogen leaching in recent years,the main causes and influencing factors of nitrogen leaching are analyzed,among which the main factors affecting nitrate leaching are the amount of fertilization,irrigation method,rainfall intensity and soil type.In addition,the effective measures to reduce nitrogen leaching are summarized.Firstly,according to the growth characteristics of different crops and different periods,a reasonable amount of fertilizer should be formulated.Secondly,select appropriate irrigation quantity,frequency and time.Thirdly,formulate reasonable cultivation measures and plant catch crops.Finally,promote new fertilizers,apply controlled-release fertilizers,slow-release fertilizers,or add inhibitors.These measures can not only save resources,but also reduce the impact on the water environment.

关 键 词：硝态氮淋溶 施肥 灌溉 新型肥料 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]