水泽祭祀与生殖崇拜--论先秦郊野春祭  

The water-related sacrificial activities and reproduction worship--On the spring sacrificial activities of Jiaoye(郊野)in the Pre-Qin Period

作　　者：苏运蕾 郑杰文[1] Su Yunlei;Zheng Jiewen

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2020年第3期131-139,192,共10页DongYue Tribune

基　　金：国家社科基金重大委托项目“《子海》整理与研究”(项目编号:10@ZH011)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：郊野是一个与都邑相对的区域,和人们的生产劳作及祭祀活动密切相关,其中临近水泽之地成为先民的重要祭祀场所。先秦时期在水泽附近举行的郊野春祭活动主要有民间春社、祷高禖和岁时祓禊等,多伴随男女集会。这些活动与岩画、出土文物和古籍中的连臂舞、履迹舞、桑林舞等舞蹈仪式的共通之处在于,都是将祭祀与生殖结合在一起,反映先民对生殖繁衍的重视。以此探究当时的婚俗礼制,发现群婚现象从新石器时代至商周时期一直绵延未断,此婚俗下男女的结合以在神灵前立誓为约束。在倡导媒妁婚的周代出现仲春令会男女的政令,反映郊野春祭会合男女的旧婚配习俗在周代仍有遗留,但其受众群体范围大大缩小,仅针对鳏寡的男女,是媒妁婚之外的一种辅助婚配形式。"Jiaoye"(郊野)was the place beyond the capital or city and closely related to people’s production,labor and sacrificial activities.In the pre-Qin period the spring sacrificial activities of Jiaoye near the waters included the folk spring sacrificial activities to the God of the Earth,praying to the original female ancestor,the ceremony of purification,etc.All of these had something in common with the dance rituals in rock paintings,unearthed relics and ancient books,such as those of arm in arm,treading on the footprints and the mulberry grove,which combined sacrifice with sex,reflecting the ancestors’emphasis on population reproduction.It can be found that the phenomenon of communal marriage continued from the Neolithic to the Shang and Zhou dynasties.In the Zhou Dynasty,which advocated making match by parents’order and on the matchmaker’s word,there were orders of random mating between men and women in February,showing that the old marriage customs were still left in the Zhou Dynasty.However,the scope of its target audience had been greatly reduced,only for widowed men and women.

关 键 词：郊野春祭 男女集会 水泽春祭舞蹈 婚俗礼制 

分 类 号：K22[历史地理—历史学]