贵州省山地春大白菜错季栽培的适宜播期区划  

Regionalization of Suitable Sowing Date for Out-season Cultivation of Spring Chinese Cabbage in Mountainous Areas of Guizhou Province

作　　者：左晋 谭文 赵大芹[2] 谷晓平 李桂莲[3] 蔡霞 ZUO Jin;TAN Wen;ZHAO Daqin;GU Xiaoping;LI Guilian;CAI Xia(Guizhou Center for Ecological Meteorology and Satellite Remote Sensing,Guiyang,Guizhou 550002;Institute of Horticulture,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省生态气象和卫星遥感中心,贵州贵阳550002 [2]贵州省农业科学院园艺研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [3]贵州省农业科学院,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2020年第2期74-79,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省农业科学院项目“贵州省山地高效蔬菜种植气候区划”[黔农科院青年基金(2017)06];中国气象局气候变化专项“气候变化对贵州错季蔬菜气候适宜性的影响评估”(CCSF201939);中国气象局省级气象科研所科技创新发展项目“贵州山地蔬菜气象服务支撑技术研究”(SSCX201918)

摘　　要：为贵州春大白菜错季栽培管理方案的制定提供可靠的气候学依据,利用贵州省85个气象台站1989-2018年逐日平均气温数据,并结合贵州省农业科学院园艺研究所多年生产试验数据,研究贵州省春大白菜晚秋及早春适宜播期的精细化区划。结果表明:1)晚秋播种,冷积温(LJW)0~15℃·d主要分布在罗甸、望谟和赤水等县(市)等低热河谷地带,适宜播期为10月下旬至11月下旬;15℃·d<LJW≤46.5℃·d主要分布在西南部兴仁、安龙和贞丰等县的低海拔区域,适宜播期为10月中旬至11月中旬;46.5℃·d<LJW≤84.8℃·d主要分布在中西部、南部、东部及中北部的中低海拔区域,适宜播期为10月上旬至11月上旬;84.8℃·d<LJW≤140.0℃·d主要分布在中部一线及遵义、黔东南和铜仁等市(州)的中海拔地区,适宜播期为9月下旬至10月下旬;140.0℃·d<LJW≤188.0℃·d主要分布在毕节(大部)、开阳、瓮安和习水等市(县)的中高海拔区域,适宜播期为9月中旬至10月上旬;188.0℃·d<LJW≤208.8℃·d主要分布在威宁、赫章、钟山和水城等县(区)的高海拔地区,适宜播期为9月上旬至下旬。2)早春播种,西南部、南部边缘及西北部的低热河谷地区适宜播种期为1月下旬至2月上旬,西南部大部和东南部边缘的低海拔地区适宜播种期为1月下旬至2月中旬,中西部和南部的中低海拔地区适宜播种期为2月上旬至下旬,中部、东部和北部的中海拔地区适宜播期为2月中旬至下旬,西部、中部和东北部中高海拔地区适宜播期为3月上旬至中旬,西部高海拔地区适宜播期为3月中旬至下旬。贵州春大白菜早春及晚秋播适宜播期与海拔高度及纬度具有明显的相关性,随着海拔及纬度的升高,早春播种的适宜播期推迟,晚秋播种的适宜播期提前。The precise regionalization of suitable sowing date for cultivation of spring Chinese cabbage in late autumn and early spring is studied by using the data of multi-year production tests from Horticultural Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences and daily average temperature data recorded by 85 meteorological stations during 1989-2018 to provide the climatological basis for formulation of off-season cultivation management program of spring Chinese cabbage in Guizhou.Result:1)The suitable sowing date for cultivation of spring Chinese cabbage is from late October to late November in low hot valley areas of Luodian,Wangmo and Chishui City(County)with 0-15℃cold accumulated temperature·d.The suitable sowing date for cultivation of spring Chinese cabbage is from middle October to middle November in low altitude areas of Xingren,Anlong and Zhenfeng County with 15℃·d<cold accumulated temperature≤46.5℃·d.The suitable sowing date for cultivation of spring Chinese cabbage is from early October to early November in middle-low altitude areas of Midwest,South,East and North Central with 46.5℃·d<cold accumulated temperature≤84.8℃·d.The suitable sowing date for cultivation of spring Chinese cabbage is from late September to late October in middle altitude areas of Zunyi,Qiandongnan and Tongren City(Prefecture)with 84.8℃·d<cold accumulated temperature≤140.0℃·d.The suitable sowing date for cultivation of spring Chinese cabbage is from middle September to early October in middlehigh altitude areas of Bijie,Kaiyang,Weng’an and Xishui City(County)and so on with 140.0℃·d<cold accumulated temperature≤188.0℃·d.The suitable sowing date for cultivation of spring Chinese cabbage is from early September to late September in high altitude areas of Weining,Hezhang,Zhongshan and Shuicheng County(District)and so on with 188.0℃·d<cold accumulated temperature≤208.8℃·d.2)The suitable sowing date for cultivation of spring Chinese cabbage is from late January to early February in low hot valley

关 键 词：大白菜 错季栽培 适宜播期 贵州 

分 类 号：S634.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]