氨基酸缺乏对母犊牛生长和日粮养分消化代谢的影响  

Effects of Amino Acid Deficiency on Growth Development, Dietary Nutrients Digestion and Metabolism in Heifers

作　　者：孔凡林 李媛[1] 唐梦琪 马满鹏 付彤[2] 刁其玉[1] 成思源 屠焰[1] KONG FanLin;LI Yuan;TANG MengQi;MA ManPeng;FU Tong;DIAO QiYu;CHENG SiYuan;TU Yan(Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition,Beijing 100081;College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450000)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所/奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室,北京100081 [2]河南农业大学牧医工程学院,郑州450000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2020年第2期418-430,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队（BAIC06-2017）;中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务（CAAS-XTCX2016011-01）;河南省科技开放合作项目（182106000035）

摘　　要：研究赖氨酸(Lys)、蛋氨酸(Met)和苏氨酸(Thr)缺乏对3-6月龄中国荷斯坦母犊牛生长和日粮养分消化代谢的影响,为生产中判断母犊牛氨基酸缺乏症提供依据,并对后续母犊牛氨基酸需要量的确定提供理论依据。【方法】72头84日龄中国荷斯坦母犊牛,按体重和出生时间相近原则随机分为4个处理组,限量饲喂4种不同氨基酸模式的饲粮,分别为氨基酸平衡组(PC组)、赖氨酸扣除组(PC-Lys)、蛋氨酸扣除组(PC-Met)和苏氨酸扣除组(PC-Thr),氨基酸扣除量均为PC组的30%。试验期97d,其中预饲期7d,正试期90d。于正试期第1、30、60、90天测定犊牛体重、体尺和乳头长度;在132-138和173-179日龄每组分别选取6头健康犊牛进行2期消化代谢试验,收集粪、尿和饲料样品,测定营养物质表观消化率及氮代谢;正试期每天记录采食量。【结果】与饲喂氨基酸平衡饲粮的犊牛相比:(1)扣除Lys显著降低90-180日龄犊牛饲料转化效率(P<0.05),日增重(ADG)为各组最低(P>0.05);扣除Met和Thr对90-180日龄犊牛ADG和饲料转化效率没有显著影响(P>0.05);(2)扣除Lys或Thr显著降低犊牛粪便评分(P<0.05),但对腹泻率没有影响(P>0.05),以PC-Lys组腹泻率最高;3)扣除Lys、Met或Thr均不影响犊牛体尺(P>0.05),但扣除Lys后犊牛乳头长度增长率均低于PC组(P>0.05);4)扣除Lys、Met或Thr不影响日粮养分表观消化率(P>0.05),但扣除Lys显著降低173-179日龄犊牛氮利用率和氮生物学价值(P<0.05)。【结论】在本试验设定的氨基酸平衡饲粮基础上,扣除Lys对犊牛生长发育和氮代谢有不利影响,扣除Thr影响犊牛腹泻,扣除Met对犊牛无明显影响。【Objective】The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of deleting dietary lysine(Lys), methionine(Met) and threonine(Thr) on growth performance, and nutrients digestion and metabolism in 3-6 month-old Chinese Holstein heifers. It can provide not only the evidences for diagnosing the deficiency disease of amino acid of heifers in production, but also the guidance for determining amino acid requirements of heifers in the future.【Method】The experiment was conducted for 90 days with 72 Holstein heifers aged about 84 day-old fed in restricted amounts. Following a 7-day covariate period, heifers were allocated to 4 groups according to date of birth and body weight: 30% Lys reducing treatment(PC-Lys), 30% Met reducing treatment(PC-Met), 30% Thr reducing treatment(PC-Thr) and theoretical amino acid balanced treatment(PC). Body weight, body size and length of nipples were measured on 1, 30, 60 and 90 day. Six healthy calves were selected from each group at the ages of 132-138 and 173-179 day for twice and metabolism test. Feces, urine and feeds samples were collected to determine the apparent digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen metabolism. Dry matter intake was recorded daily throughout the whole trial period. 【Result】Compared with PC, the results showed that(1) Lys deficiency significantly decreased Gain/Feed(G/F) in 90 to 180 day-old heifers(P<0.05). Average daily gain(ADG) of PC-Lys group was lowest among four groups in 90 to 180 day-old heifers(P>0.05). ADG and G/F were not influenced by Met and Thr deficiency in 90 to 180 day-old heifers(P>0.05);(2) No differences of diarrhea rate were found among four groups(P>0.05), while diarrhea rate was highest in PC-Lys group(P>0.05). However, Lys and Thr deficiency decreased fecal score(P<0.05);(3) Lys, Met and Thr deficiency did not affect body size(P>0.05), but the growth rate of nipples of PC-Lys group were lower than that of PC group(P<0.05);(4) The apparent digestibility of nutrients were not influenced by different treatments. Retained N of i

关 键 词：赖氨酸 蛋氨酸 苏氨酸 母犊牛 生长性能 氮代谢 

分 类 号：S828.5[农业科学—畜牧学]