南昌市学龄前儿童体力活动水平及影响因素分析  

Physical activity and influencing factors of preschool children in Nanchang

作　　者：张夷 孙顺利 肖稳 吕文娣 姜薇 龚月婷 薛冉 赵广高 苏利强 付近梅 胡超 陈晨 ZHANG Yi;SUN Shunli;XIAO Wen;LYU Wendi;JIANG Wei;GONG Yueting;XUE Ran;ZHAO Guanggao;SU Liqiang;FU Jinmei;HU Chao;CHEN Chen(Jiangxi Institute of physical Education,Nanchang 330006,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]江西省体育科学研究所,南昌330006 [2]南昌大学体育与教育学院 [3]东华理工大学体育学院 [4]福建师范大学体育科学学院 [5]江西省田径游泳管理中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第2期197-200,204,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJC890060)。

摘　　要：目的了解南昌市学龄前儿童体力活动水平及其影响因素,为改善学龄前儿童体力活动水平和干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用随机分层的方式,选取南昌市12个县区的17所幼儿园,共招募3~6岁学龄前儿童4 740名,应用《幼儿身体活动教师问卷》和《幼儿身体活动家长问卷》进行调查。结果学龄前儿童周末相对于工作日体力活动(PA)、中高强度体力活动(MVPA)下降,久坐行为(SB)增加,工作日和周末的PA、MVPA和SB的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。学龄前儿童工作日期间PA、MVPA达到推荐量的人数比例为44.9%~59.2%,45.4%~61.7%,周末PA、MVPA达到推荐量的人数比例为24.7%~27.8%,24.5%~29.9%,工作日达标比例高于周末。结论南昌市学龄前儿童体力活动水平与推荐量存在很大差距。在工作日和周末表现出不同的活动模式,周末是最不活跃的时段。应建立"社会--校园--家庭"模式,改善学龄前儿童体力活动不足现状。Objective To understand the present situation of physical activity and its influencing factors, and to provide a reference for improving the level of physical activity and making the intervention measures. Methods The method of random stratification was used to select 4 740 pre-school children aged 3-6 from 17 kindergartens in 12 counties and districts of Nanchang City,The questionnaire of physical activities of young children and the questionnaire of parents of physical activities of young children were applied to conduct a survey. Results Compared with weekday PA and MVPA, preschool children’s weekends decreased, SB increased. The differences in PA, MVPA and SB on weekdays and weekends were statistically significant( P<0.01). The proportion of PA and MVPA reaching the recommended amount during the working day of preschool children were 44.9%-59.2%, 45.4%-61.7%.The proportion reaching the recommended amount of PA and MVPA on weekends were 24.7%-27.8%, 24.5%-29.9%,and the proportion reaching the recommended amount on weekdays was higher than that on weekends. Conclusion There is still gap between actual amount of physical activity and the recommended amount. There are different modes of activity on weekdays and weekends, and weekends are the least active periods. Parents and teachers should pay enough attention to the establishment of "social-campus-family" model to improve the lack of physical activity of preschool children.

关 键 词：运动活动 日常生活活动 流行病学因素 问卷调查 儿童 学龄前 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] G806[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]