麦秸还田下翻耕和不同水肥管理措施对稻田理化性质及水稻产量的影响  

Effects of plow tillage and different water and fertilizer management methods on the soil properties and rice yields of paddy under wheat straw returning

作　　者：赵亚慧 王宁[1,3] 查显宝 冯长云 于建光 焦加国[2] 肖新 ZHAO Ya-hui;WANG Ning;ZHA Xian-bao;FENG Chang-yun;YU Jian-guang;JIAO Jia-guo;XIAO Xin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science,Nanjing 210014,China;College of Re?sources and Environment,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station for Farmland Conservation(Jiangsu),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;College of Resource and Environ?ment,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang 233100,China;Agricultural Service Center of Chenji Town,Yizheng City of Jiangsu Province,Yizheng 211408,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [3]农业农村部江苏耕地保育科学观测实验站,南京210014 [4]安徽科技学院资源与环境学院,安徽凤阳233100 [5]江苏省仪征市陈集镇农业综合服务中心,江苏仪征211408

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2020年第2期195-201,共7页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503136);国家自然科学基金项目(41271308,41601261);安徽省自然科学基金项目(1608085MC59);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201710879020)。

摘　　要：稻麦轮作系统中,还田麦秸腐解产生的毒害物质会对水稻产生不利影响。为有效减缓秸秆还田带来的负面影响,筛选适宜的耕作和水肥管理措施,通过设置翻耕(FS+PT)、泡田换水(FS+WR,2 d泡田后换水施肥)、延长泡田时间(FS+IP,施肥后泡田7d)、延长泡田时间并推迟施肥(FS+IP+FP,泡田7 d后再施肥)处理的田间小区试验,同时设置不施秸秆和化肥(CK)、单施化肥(F)、单施秸秆(S)以及施秸秆和化肥(FS)处理,比较在施用秸秆和化肥的基础上,翻耕和不同水肥管理措施对稻田理化性质及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:延长泡田时间的两个处理(FS+IP和FS+IP+FP)能有效降低稻田田面水酚酸含量;秸秆还田配合不同水肥管理措施处理稻田田面水氮磷含量明显低于F处理;合理的施用秸秆能有效促进水稻生长发育,特别是FS+PT处理,其水稻有效穗数比秸秆还田FS处理提高19.9%,其次为FS+WR处理,比FS处理提高15.2%。研究表明,翻耕、泡田换水、延长泡田时间等水肥管理措施均能有效减缓麦秸还田对水稻生长带来的负面效应,进而促进植物养分吸收及增加作物产量;考虑环境风险等综合效应,在麦秸还田时采用翻耕和延长泡田时间是较好的稻田田间管理措施。Toxic substances derived from returning wheat straw to paddy fields can adversely affect the growth of subsequent rice crops.Therefore, it is important to develop tillage methods and water and fertilizer management methods that mitigate the negative impacts of straw returning. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of plow tillage and different water and fertilizer management methods on the physicochemical properties and rice yield of paddy fields. Field experiments involved eight treatments(control, fertilizer,straw, fertilizer+straw, plow tillage, water replacement, prolonged immersion, and prolonged immersion+postponed fertilizer). The phenolic acid content of the field surface water was effectively reduced by prolonged immersion. The nitrogen and phosphorus content of the field surface water was also significantly lower in the fields treated with straw returning and different water and fertilizer management methods than in the fertilizer-treated fields. The reasonable application of straw, especially under the plow tillage and water replacement treatments, could promote the growth of rice;as compared to the yields of rice grown under fertilizer and straw treatment alone, the addition of plow tillage and water replacement increased the number of effective spikes by 19.9% and 15.2%, respectively. In conclusion, the negative effects of wheat straw returning on rice growth could be effectively mitigated by a variety of methods, including plow tillage, water replacement, and prolonged immersion, which could further promote plant nutrient uptake and increase crop yield. Considering the comprehensive effects of environmental risk,plow tillage and prolonged immersion are better suited for situations in which wheat straw is returned to the paddy field.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 翻耕 水肥管理 田面水 酚酸 产量 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]