基于沼气化利用的生物质原料跨季节贮存方法和过程调控策略研究进展  

Trans-storage method of biomass and process regulating strategy for biogas utilization

作　　者：任海伟 赵泉霖[2,3] 刘通 甄峰 孙永明 孔晓英[1,4] 李金平 李志忠[2,3] REN Haiwei;ZHAO Quanlin;LIU Tong;ZHEN Feng;SUN Yongming;KONG Xiaoying;LI Jinping;LI Zhizhong(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development,Guangzhou 510640,China;School of Life Sciences and Engineering/China Western Energy&Environment Research Center,Lanzhou University of Technology,Gansu 730050,China;Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy,Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730050,China;Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion/CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室,广州510640 [2]兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院/西部能源与环境研究中心,兰州730050 [3]甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室,兰州730050 [4]中国科学院广州能源研究所/中科院可再生能源重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2020年第1期201-209,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51666010,51366009);甘肃省自然科学基金(17JR5RA117,18JR3RA150);广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室开放基金(Y707s81001)资助.

摘　　要：作物秸秆等植物源生物质是生物天然气(沼气)生产的重要原料,但因其固有的收获季节性、时效性等特点无法满足可持续供给的生产要求,必需进行跨季节贮存. 为更好地衔接生物质原料贮存与沼气化利用环节,有效整合沼气工程的上下游关系,评述了生物质常见的干法保存和湿法保存方法,并根据原料形态特征差异性着重总结了常规青贮、半干青贮、黄贮、混合贮存等湿法贮存技术的研究现状,从乳酸菌剂、生物酶制剂、化学添加剂、复合添加剂等角度探讨了贮存过程的调控策略. 最后,总结比较了青贮过程以及多元化调控策略对生物质原料产沼气(甲烷)性能的影响. 目前,有关生物质青贮和青贮原料厌氧消化工艺的研究较为广泛,但由于生物质原料种类繁多,组分复杂多变,二者上下游之间的具体关联机制尚不完全明确,未来需要根据不同物料特性来揭示这种联系机制,并从源头上实现基于沼气生产的贮存过程调控,以期获得能量保存和能源转换的最大化. 总之,湿法贮存是生物质原料长时间保存的重要方法,对生物天然气产业快速健康发展具有重要的科学价值和实际意义,沟通贮存与沼气发酵过程上下游之间的衔接机制是该领域未来的研究发展方向.Biomass, such as crop straw, is an important raw material for biogas production by anaerobic digestion. The trans-seasonal storage requirements of biomass are critical for the continuous year-round supply of feedstock for biogas plants;sometimes for extended durations because of its inherent seasonal harvest characteristics. Therefore, the primary task of this study is to realize a sustainable supplementation of biomass. To affiliate the link of biomass storage and biogas utilization, and establish the integration between the downstream and upstream systems of biogas plants, preservation methods, including dry and wet storage, were reviewed in detail. Furthermore, wet storage methods, such as ensiling, hay silage, co-ensiling, were emphatically analyzed based on the different characteristics of various biomasses. Based on this, a series of strategies for process regulation during storage were explored in terms of lactic acid bacteria, bio-enzyme, chemical additives, compound additives, etc., to achieve the goal of high-quality, long-term preservation, and to obtain a favorable energy conversion efficiency. The effects of the ensiling process and diversified regulation strategies for biogas production performance were summarized, and the biogas production performance before and after storage was compared. Presently, the trans-seasonal storage and anaerobic digestion process of biomass are being widely investigated, respectively. However, the correlative mechanism between the upstream and downstream is not completely clear, which was imperative to be evaluated according to the biomass properties to maximize energy conservation and energy conversion. In conclusion, ensiling of biomass and the wet-storage method is an effective way to preserve the nutrient and ensure sustainable supplementation. The correlative mechanism between storage and downstream biogas fermentation are the main directions for future research.

关 键 词：生物质原料 干法贮存 湿法贮存 沼气 过程调控 

分 类 号：TQ221.11[化学工程—有机化工]