餐厨垃圾生物处理过程中VOCs的产生与控制研究进展  

Review of the generation of volatile organic compounds during the bio-treatment process of food waste

作　　者：乔子茹 魏华炜 马佳莹 谢冰[1] QIAO Ziru;WEI Huawei;MA Jiaying;XIE Bing(Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration,School of Ecological and Environment Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,上海城市生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2020年第1期210-216,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1901000)资助。

摘　　要：餐厨垃圾生物处理包括好氧堆肥、厌氧消化及卫生填埋等方式,在处理过程中产生的大量挥发性有机物(VOCs)造成二次污染,对环境和人体健康均造成危害.为促进对餐厨垃圾生物处理过程中VOCs的控制,对其产生机理、排放特征及控制方法方面进行综述.已有研究表明:餐厨垃圾生物处理过程产生VOCs可达100种以上.好氧堆肥、厌氧消化、卫生填埋可产生总VOC量分别为57.40-12736.72 mg/kg、25.98-29.19 mg/m^3和106.20-1103.70 mg/m^3,且VOCs组成成分复杂,种类与气体量受处理季节、处理时间、处理技术等因素影响较大.当前的VOCs控制技术包括吸附净化、生物净化、热力燃烧等.吸附净化装置简单、成本低但热稳定性差、吸附容量较小;热力燃烧适用于厌氧消化产生的小气体量VOCs,但存在着能耗高、局限性大等缺点.相较于其他控制方法,生物净化具有适用范围广、能耗低、二次污染小、去除效率高等优点,可作为餐厨垃圾生物处理过程中VOCs的主要控制方法.提出未来将餐厨垃圾生物处理过程VOCs产生的微生物机理研究,优化控制技术参数,提高总体去除效率作为重点研究与技术突破方向.Food waste can produce a large number of secondary pollutants such as volatile organic compounds(VOCs) during the bio-treatment process that includes aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation, and landfill, which harm the environment and human health. In this review, the mechanism, emission characteristics, and control methods of VOCs in the food waste bio-treatment process were summarized, which could benefit research of the generation mechanism and control methods of VOCs. The results showed that there were more than 100 types of VOCs produced by food waste. The concentration of VOCs produced by aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation, and sanitary landfill was 57.40–12 736.72 mg/kg, 25.98–29.19 mg/m^3, and 106.2–1 103.7 mg/m^3, respectively. The components of VOCs released from food waste are complex and are greatly influenced by treatment time, season, technology, and other factors. Current control technologies of VOCs include adsorption purification, biological purification, and thermal combustion. Adsorption purification is simple and inexpensive;however, it has poor thermal stability and small adsorption capacity. Thermal combustion is suitable for VOCs of small gas volume from anaerobic digestion;however, it has the disadvantages of high energy consumption and large limitations. Compared with other control methods, biological purification has the advantages of a wide application range, low energy consumption, low secondary pollution, and high removal efficiency. This can be used as the main control method of VOCs in the bio-treatment process of food waste. The key research and technological breakthroughs for the future include determining the microbial mechanism of VOCs in the bio-treatment of food waste, optimizing the control parameters, and improving the overall removal efficiency.

关 键 词：餐厨垃圾 挥发性有机物(VOCs) 堆肥 厌氧消化 卫生填埋 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]